各國(guó)垃圾分類(lèi)文化趣談

Countries with the Most

Interesting Waste Sorting Culture

What Indonesians do with their trashes

印尼人如何處理垃圾

One thing for sure： it’s never too hard to throw your garbage in Indonesia. What Indonesians commonly do is putting their trashes in their personal garbage area which is usually located at the front of their house， right at the side of the street. Put it there， and the garbage collectors with their big garbage truck or rusty garbage stroller will pick their trashes up.

Things aren’t quite different if you live in the apartment in Indonesia. Collect it， wrap it in a tight plastic bag if you wish， then put it outside your room or a special corner in your floor hallway， designated for a waste collection area.

Waste collection bill in Indonesia is expected to be paid personally to the garbage collection agent—no tax added. It’s simply a cost for garbage workers fee and garbage truck transportation fee. Bring your wastes to your nearest dumping site or landfill and you don’t need to pay for anything.

有一件事可以肯定：在印尼扔垃圾從來(lái)不會(huì)太難。印尼人通常將垃圾放置在個(gè)人垃圾區(qū)域內(nèi)，一般位于屋前、緊靠路邊。之后，垃圾回收人員會(huì)用大型垃圾卡車(chē)或鐵銹色垃圾推車(chē)將垃圾收走。

如果住在印尼的公寓里，情況也大同小異。將垃圾集中起來(lái)，愿意的話可以用塑料袋包緊，再放于房門(mén)外或樓道里指定作為垃圾回收區(qū)域的專(zhuān)用角落即可。

在印尼，垃圾回收費(fèi)用由個(gè)人支付給垃圾回收機(jī)構(gòu)——無(wú)須繳稅。垃圾回收費(fèi)僅包括垃圾工的人力和垃圾車(chē)的運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用。如果自己將垃圾送至最近的垃圾場(chǎng)或填埋場(chǎng)，則無(wú)須支付任何費(fèi)用。

導(dǎo)讀：不同國(guó)家有不同的廢棄物分類(lèi)體系。各國(guó)采取的規(guī)則通常取決于該國(guó)現(xiàn)有的廢棄物管理技術(shù)以及政府的未來(lái)規(guī)劃。接下來(lái)讓我們一起來(lái)看看各國(guó)的垃圾分類(lèi)文化吧。

Germany： The leader of the world’s waste-recycling race

德國(guó)：全球廢棄物循環(huán)利用領(lǐng)先者

Germany is the country with the world’s number one recycling system. The country has a quite detailed way of sorting their waste—down to the color of the glass waste you wished to throw away， the type of paper that could be put inside the paper waste bin， separate bin for metals， another different bin for plastic， another different bin for ceramic or broken glass， etc.

Here below are what you should know about Germany’s waste sorting system：

●? You are expected to gather your waste in your apartment/housing area’s local public garbage bins along with the other residents.

●? There are commonly 7 public garbage bins available in the German’s apartment/housing area：

1. Blue bin—for paper and cardboard， greasy pizza box goes to the gray bin！

2. Green and white bin—for glass， different bins for different glass colors， not available for Christmas ornaments and light bulbs！

3. Yellow/orange bin—for plastic and metals.

4. Brown bin—for biodegradable goods.

5. Gray/black bin—for everything else that can’t be recycled such as used diaper， kitty litter， animal waste， and ashes.

●? Some items do not belong in your apartment/housing area’s public garbage bins. Items like used batteries， electronics， unused paints， light bulbs， and appliances must be returned to the special agents/locations so they can be recycled. Other items such as clothes， shoes， and oversized trash and furniture are advised to be sold or donated.

●? There’s this thing called Pfand in Germany， a certain portion of the price on a bottled drink that you get back if you return the said bottle to a certified outlet. German law requires all shops over a certain size selling bottled drinks have to have a place to return bottles with deposits.

德國(guó)擁有世界最好的循環(huán)利用體系。該國(guó)的廢棄物分類(lèi)十分細(xì)致——細(xì)到根據(jù)玻璃的顏色分別丟棄，根據(jù)紙張的類(lèi)型確定能否扔進(jìn)紙張回收箱，金屬、塑料、陶瓷、碎玻璃等也都有各自不同的回收箱。

關(guān)于德國(guó)的廢棄物分類(lèi)體系，你應(yīng)當(dāng)了解以下信息：

·須和其他住戶一樣，將垃圾集中至所在公寓/住宅區(qū)的公共垃圾箱中。

·德國(guó)的公寓/住宅區(qū)通常提供七種垃圾箱：

1. 藍(lán)箱——投放紙張和紙板，油膩的比薩盒要投進(jìn)灰箱中！

2. 綠白箱——投放玻璃，不同顏色的玻璃投進(jìn)不同的箱子，不能投放圣誕裝飾和燈泡！

3. 黃/橙箱——投放塑料和金屬。

4. 棕箱——投放可生物降解的消費(fèi)品。

5. 灰/黑箱——投放所有不能循環(huán)利用的東西，比如用過(guò)的尿布、貓砂、動(dòng)物廢棄物和灰燼。

·有些物品不能扔進(jìn)所在公寓/住宅區(qū)的公共垃圾箱內(nèi)。像使用過(guò)的電池、電子產(chǎn)品、未使用過(guò)的涂料、燈泡和家電等物品，須送到專(zhuān)門(mén)機(jī)構(gòu)/地點(diǎn)進(jìn)行回收利用。其他物品，如衣物、鞋子以及大型垃圾和家具，建議出售或捐贈(zèng)。

·在德國(guó)，還有所謂的飲料瓶押金，占瓶裝飲料價(jià)格的一定比例，如果將瓶子送回經(jīng)過(guò)認(rèn)證的經(jīng)銷(xiāo)店，即可退還押金。德國(guó)法律規(guī)定，所有超過(guò)一定規(guī)模且銷(xiāo)售瓶裝飲料的商店，都須設(shè)置押金退還點(diǎn)，回收附帶押金的飲料瓶。

South Korea： A role model in the effort of reducing waste

韓國(guó)：減少?gòu)U棄物的楷模

One of the most notable technologies that South Koreans use in their waste management system is the electronic food waste bin equipped with RFID （Radio-Frequency Identification）. People will have to tap their identification card before they could throw their waste into the public garbage bin. The garbage bin will then measure the weight of the trashes， calculate and accumulate it， and then send the garbage bill to the said person.

Here below several interesting things you might want to know about South Korea’s waste management system.

Almost similar to Germany， a public garbage area exists in the housing/apartment in South Korea. People have to sort their waste without fail and put it into the right disposal bins. Here are the types of garbage bin provided in South Korea：

·Food Waste， anything that could be eaten by animals

·Recyclable Waste

·Oversized Waste， mostly electronics and furniture

·General Waste， anything that doesn’t belong to the other types

For instance， because food waste bin is reserved for anything that can be eaten by animals， eggshells， crustacean shells， and bones are fairly prohibited from it. You are going to have to separate the bones from your meat waste， put the meat waste in the food waste bin and put the rest of the bones in the general waste bin.

Another thing to keep in mind about South Korea’s waste management system：

·Each district in South Korea has its own official garbage bag. People will have to use the one that is exclusive to the place they live in. The garbage bags could be bought at the local supermarket.

·In South Korea， the cost of garbage collection and disposal is included in the price of the garbage bags you purchase. This is why South Korea is setting the price of their garbage bags based on the type of waste and the volume of it.

韓國(guó)最引人注目的廢棄物管理技術(shù)是配備了射頻識(shí)別的電子食物廢棄箱。人們必須刷身份證，才能將廢棄物投入公共垃圾箱中。垃圾箱會(huì)對(duì)廢棄物稱(chēng)重，計(jì)算并累計(jì)，再將垃圾回收賬單寄給相應(yīng)的投放人。

以下幾個(gè)關(guān)于韓國(guó)廢棄物管理體系的有趣事實(shí)，或許能引起你的興趣。

與德國(guó)類(lèi)似，韓國(guó)的住宅/公寓有公共垃圾回收區(qū)域。人們須準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤地將廢棄物分類(lèi)并正確地投入垃圾箱中。韓國(guó)有以下幾種垃圾箱：

·食物廢棄物，任何動(dòng)物可以吃的東西

·可循環(huán)利用的廢棄物

·大型廢棄物，多為電子產(chǎn)品和家具

·一般廢棄物，一切不屬于其他類(lèi)型的物品

例如，食物廢棄箱僅回收動(dòng)物可以吃的東西，因此理所當(dāng)然禁止投放蛋殼、甲殼類(lèi)動(dòng)物的殼和骨頭。你須將骨頭和肉分開(kāi)，肉扔進(jìn)食物廢棄箱中，剩下的骨頭則扔進(jìn)一般廢棄物箱中。

關(guān)于韓國(guó)廢棄物管理體系，還需要記住：

·韓國(guó)每個(gè)區(qū)都有官方提供的垃圾袋。人們須使用居住地區(qū)專(zhuān)屬垃圾袋。垃圾袋可以在當(dāng)?shù)爻匈?gòu)買(mǎi)。

·在韓國(guó)，垃圾袋的價(jià)格包含了垃圾回收和處理的成本。因此，韓國(guó)垃圾袋的定價(jià)取決于廢棄物的種類(lèi)和分量。

Word Study

designate /'dez?ɡne?t/ v. 指定;命名

This area has been designated （as） a National Park.

appliance /?'pla??ns/ n. （家用）電器;器具

donate /d??'ne?t/ v. 捐贈(zèng);贈(zèng)送

He donated thousands of pounds to charity.

prohibit /pr?'h?b?t/ v. （尤指以法令）禁止

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