魯長業
(許昌市建安區職業中等專業學校,河南 許昌 461100)
英語作為一門交流語言,是由一個個鮮活的句子構成,而動詞是句子的靈魂,沒有動詞就沒有英語這門語言,句子的種類,時態的變化主要體現在動詞方面。同學們駕馭了動詞也就駕馭了英語,在英語考試中成績一定不會差。
(一)一般現在時態中,主語是第一人稱和第二人稱及其復數形式,謂語動詞用原型。
We study English at home.
(二)一般現在時態中,主語是第三人稱單數形式,謂語動詞用其單三形式,動詞變單三規則等同于名詞變復數。
She watches TV at home on Sunday.
(三)一般過去式態中,謂語動詞必須變成其過去式,動詞過去式變化規則分為規則變化和不規則變化。
1.規則變化后加ed:watch→watched
2.不規則變化:study→studied,go→went ,stop→stopped
Jim went through the jungle with courage.
(一)系動詞:系動詞在句子中起到連接主語和表語作用系動詞后通常 跟形容詞作表語,從而構成主系表結構。系動詞分為四種形態:
1.狀態:be等在句子中一般無意義,有時譯為“是”。
Mary is very beautiful.
His father is a cook.
2.保(保持)態:keep,stay等
All the class keep quiet in class.
3.變(變化)態:become、turn、quite、grow、get、go、come等
It is getting dark.
My dream must come true.
4.感(感覺)態:fell、taste、look、smell、sound 它們中文意義具有共同特點:“…起來”
The piece of music sounds good.
The dishes taste delicious.
(二)實義動詞:實義動詞又稱為行為動詞,根據后面能否跟賓語分為及物動詞和不及物動詞。
Mike’s grandpa lives a happy life.
The lady lives in Beijing.
實義動詞根據所表動作能否延續分為短暫性動詞和延續性動詞。
He has practiced playing the piano for ten years.
The old man died twenty years ago.
(三)助動詞是幫助動詞構成某種時態,語態的詞。英語中助動詞有三個。
1.be:be+現在分詞構成進行時。
be+延續性動詞的現在分詞表進行,譯為“正在…”
We are reading in the classroom.
be+延續性動詞的現在分詞表將來,譯為“就要…”
He is leaving his hometown for Shanghai.
2.have(has):have(has)+過去分詞構成現在完成時。
Tom has finished his homework.
had+過去分詞構成過去完成時
After he had finish his homework, he went out for a walk.
3.do(does):句中動詞是be動詞和情態動詞之外其他動詞時,變一般疑問句,句首加do的適當形式,其后動詞用原型,句號變為問號即可。
Did you go to school yesterday?
在強調結構中,如果強調謂語動詞,在謂語動詞前加上do的適當形式,其后動詞用原型。
(四)情態動詞:情態動詞是表示說話人的神態,語氣的動詞,沒有人稱和數的變化,在句中不能單獨使用,后面跟動詞原形
1.can(could)在肯定句表示能力。
He can speak English f
在否定句中表推測。
She can’t be in now.
在疑問句中標請求。
Can I use your pen?
2.may(might)在肯定句中表示可能性的推測
Kate may finish her lunch.
在否定句中表推測,譯為“可能不…”
Students may not play basketball on the playground.
在疑問句中表示請求
May I come in?
含有情態動詞may的倒裝句表示祝愿性的短語。
May you have a good time.
May as well do sth.譯為”不妨…吧”
You may as well give him a hand.
3.must:must+動詞原形表示對現在,對將來情況肯定性的推測;must+have done表示對過去情況肯定性的推測; 含must的一般疑問句的肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t;must do sth譯為“偏偏做某事。”
He must call you back if he comes home.
You must have forgotten your words.
Must I finish my homework?
Yes, you must.
No, you needn’t.
I have told you about it many times but you must forget it.
動詞的基本形式,基本類型掌握好了,也就把握住了英語的精髓。