中國科技日新月異

在2018年的中國科學院、中國工程院院士大會上，國家主席習近平表示，這些年來，我國科技事業實現了歷史性、整體性、格局性重大變化。重大創新成果競相涌現，一些前沿方向開始進入并行、領跑階段。

創新是第一動力，因此，習近平總書記提出要提供高質量科技供給，著力支撐現代化經濟體系建設。

一項重大創新便是雜交水稻。1970年，農業科學家袁隆平培育出了第一個雜交水稻品種，如今近半個世紀過去，截至2018年年底，已有40多個國家種植了超過700萬公頃的雜交水稻。

2019年1月，中國科學家宣布，通過體細胞克隆技術，從一只經過基因編輯的獼猴身上，成功獲得5只生物節律紊亂的克隆猴。這是國際上首次從一只經過基因編輯的猴子身上，成功獲得一批用于生物醫學研究的克隆猴。這些克隆猴都誕生于上海的中國科學院神經科學研究所。

中國科學院院長白春禮表示，掌握核心技術，增強中國創新能力，一直都是中科院的主要任務，2019年也是中科院建院70周年。白春禮認為，要增加國家科技實力，就必須學會用有限資源解決重大問題。

盡管取得了諸多成就，但武漢大學校長竇賢康認為，中國仍缺乏芯片等核心科技領域方面的技術，阻礙了國家社會經濟發展?！耙朔@些發展障礙，首先要吸引并建設一支年輕、高素質的人才隊伍，”他表示，“第二是加大人力資源投入，獲得更多政府支持。解決這些瓶頸問題的確需要耐心和時間，但我相信未來這些問題會逐漸減少。”（孫曄供稿）

During a general assembly of China’s top scientists and engineers in 2018, President Xi Jinping said “historic, holistic, and structural” changes had taken place in the science and technology sector in recent years.

Many innovations have allowed China to catch up with other scientific powerhouses or even lead in certain frontier feilds, Xi said.

As innovation is the driving force of development, Xi said efforts must be made to ensure high-quality science and technology to support the development of a modern economy.

A significant example is hybrid rice. Almost half a century has passed since agricultural scientist Yuan Longping developed the first strain in 1970, and by the end of 2018 farmers in more than 40 countries had planted 7 million hectares of the crop.

In January of 2019, Chinese scientists announced the cloning of five monkeys from a gene-edited macaque with circadian rhythm disorders.

It was the first time multiple monkeys had been cloned from a geneedited monkey for biomedical research.The cloned monkeys were born at the Chinese Academy of Science’s Institute of Neuroscience in Shanghai.

Bai Chunli, the academy’s president, said the idea of obtaining core technologies and improving China’s innovative capacity has been the key mission for the academy, which is also celebrating its 70th birthday in 2019.

Bai said to enhance the nation’s scientifci power, China needs to learn how to tackle major challenges with limited resources.

Despite these achievements, Dou Xiankang, president of Wuhan University, said China was still lacking in key technological fields, such as microchips, which could hinder the nation’s socioeconomic development. “To overcome these obstacles, the first thing is to attract and build a team of young, high-quality talented people,” he said.

“The second is to increase investment in human capital, as well as more government support. Solving these bottleneck issues will certainly require patience and time, but I am sure we will have fewer such issues in the future.”