Abstracts

TheInternationalOrderTransitioninaPost-PandemicWorld

NiuXinchun

Abstract: The three crises—financial crisis, populism and COVID-19—have exposed inherent defects of the free international system. Meanwhile, great power competition has undermined the international power structure. However, the new international order has not been established yet. The institution, power and state play their parts in the new international order, but the future is uncertain. It will take decades to shift from the old world order to the new one and the process will be turbulent and chaotic. Major events can accelerate or test the transition of the world order. The COVID-19 is such a major event.

Keywords: COVID-19, world order, great power competition.

TheImpactsofCOVID-19onEuropeandSino-EuropeanRelations

ZhangJian

Abstract: The COVID-19 has posed all-round challenges to the governance system and capacity of European countries and the European Union.?Europe has made unprecedented efforts to “seal the city,” “seal the country” and “seal the union.”?The epidemic has exerted direct impacts on Europe; meanwhile, Europe’s responses and reactive measures to the epidemic will have far-reaching impacts on Europe.?An economic recession in Europe is inevitable, which will pose potential risks of social, political and even integration crisis, and further damage the international image and status of the EU.?After the epidemic, the development of the EU and European integration will be faced with major choices. The epidemic may drive member states to speed up the process of integration, but it may also lead to the acceleration of “de-integration,” resulting in another retrogression of the EU.?The integration project could hardly make major breakthroughs in the near future. In the post-epidemic period, China-EU relations will face new challenges as well as opportunities. It is urgent for both to cooperate.

Keywords: epidemic; the European Union; European integration; China-EU relations

Germany’sLeadingRoleintheEU

LiChao

Abstract: As a leader in the EU, Germany has reduced its investment in the EU affairs and lost enthusiasm for integration because of setbacks in maintaining the EU solidarity and dealing with global affairs. The change is triggered by the dilemma of German domestic politics, changes of social landscape as well as structural defects of the economy. It is also related to the stronger differentiation of interests of EU member states, the new stage of the global power game and the Germany’s insufficient capability. That Germany loses its position as the EU leader would aggravate the antagonism among member states, restrain the integration, and frustrate the status of the EU in the world. Germany has been aware of the fact and is taking adjustments. The “German engine” is still expected to be restarted, but it is bound to be arduous.

Keywords: Germany, European Union, leading role, European integration, Angela Merkel

Turkey’sHumanitarianDiplomacy

LiBingzhong

Abstract: Turkish diplomacy is undergoing transformation in the 21st century. It has adopted enterprising and humanitarian foreign policy since 2016 to replace zero problem neighborhood foreign policy and lofty loneliness foreign policy. Turkey has applied the new foreign policy mainly in Syria, Libya and Africa. The policy tool includes military intervention, humanitarian assistance, high-level diplomatic visit and trade relations. Turkey’s new deal on foreign policy which is based on the renewed awareness of regional situation and Turkey’s own heritage, represents the philosophy of foreign relations. The reaction towards the Turkey’s new foreign policy is controversial. The consequences of this policy need cautious review.

Keywords: Turkey, foreign policy, humanitarian, Middle East politics

TheThirdPartyMarketCooperation

ZhangYing

Abstract: The third-party market cooperation, proposed by China, means multinational enterprises carry out economic cooperation in the third country. The third-party market cooperation is a new model of international economic cooperation. The goal of the third-party market cooperation is to realize high-quality development by cooperation between Chinese enterprises and enterprises of developed countries. The third-party market cooperation emphasizes enterprises’ leading role and government promotion. Under the Belt and the Road Initiative, China will increase the cooperation with developed countries and the countries along the Belt and Road. This model is of great importance to BRI construction and the establishment of a community of shared future for mankind.

Keywords: the third-party market cooperation; the Belt and the Road Initiative(BRI); international economic cooperation