現在完成時態易混點聚焦

曲梁

一、have been to / have gone to / have been in的用法比較

1. have been to意思是“到過，去過”，表示曾經到過某處，但現在人不在那兒。

I have been to Guilin. I went there last year. 我去過桂林，我去年去的。

2. have gone to意思是“去了”，表示已經去了某地，現在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。

She has gone to Nanjing. 她已經去南京了。

3. have been in意思是“呆在某處一段時間了”。

You have never been there， have you？ 你以前從未去過那兒，是嗎？

二、巧學妙記：同一個意思有四種不同的表達方式

我買這塊手表20年了。

I have had this watch for 20 years. （這個句型叫代替法：用一個延續性動詞的現在完成時代替終止性動詞，然后用“for+一段時間”句型結構）

I bought this watch 20 years ago. （這個句型叫ago法：是用“終止性動詞的一般過去式+一段時間+ago”）

It is 20 years since I bought this watch. （這個句型叫強調法：It is+一段時間+since+從句）

Twenty years has passed since I bought this watch. （這個句型叫 passed法：一段時間+ has passed+since+從句）

三、現在完成時與一般過去時的用法比較

1. 一般過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調動作;現在完成時為過去發生的，強調過去的事情對現在的影響，強調的是影響。

I saw this film yesterday. （強調動作發生的時間是yesterday）

I have seen this film. （強調對現在的影響，電影的內容已經知道了）

2. 一般過去時和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如：...ago， in 2018， in the past， yesterday，then， that day， one day， once （從前）， last week / month / year / night / Monday 等。

3. 現在完成時常和recently （近來）， ever， never， twice， so far （到目前為止）， since， for， in the past / last few years， already （肯定句）， yet （否定、疑問句）， just （剛剛）， before （以前）等連用。

【牛刀小試】

一、單項選擇。

1. —Do you know him well？

—Sure. We ___ friends since ten years ago.

A. were ? ? B. have been

C. have become ? D. have made

2. He has ___ been to Shanghai， has he？

A. already B. never C. ever ? ?D. still

3. Hurry up！ The play ___ for ten minutes.

A. has begun ? ? B. had begun

C. has been on ? ? D. began

4. It ___ ten years since he left the army.

A. is ? ? B. has ? ? C. will ? ?D. was

5. Miss Brown isn't in the office. She ___ to the library.

A. has gone ? ? B. went

C. will go ? ? D. has been

6. We ___ Xiao Qu since she was a little girl.

A. know ? ? ? B. had known

C. have known ? D. knew

7. Harry Potter is a very nice film. I ___ twice.

A. will see ? ? B have seen

C. saw ? ? D. see

8. —These farmers have been to the United States.

—Really？ When ___ there？

A. will they go ? B. did they go

C. do they go ? ? D. have they gone

9. Kate ___ already ___ in this school for two years.

A. was; studying ? B. will; study

C. has; studied ? ? D. are; studying

10. His father ___ the Party since 1998.

A. joined ? ? B. has joined

C. was in ? ? D. has been in

11. It ___ ten years since he left the army.

A. is ? ? B. has

C. will ? ? D. was

12. My parents ___ Dandong for ten years.

A. have been in ? B. have been to

C. have gone to ? D. have been

13. The students have cleaned the classroom，___？

A. so they ? ? ? B. don't they

C. have they ? ? D. haven't they

14. ___ has Mr. Green been a member of Greener China since he ___ to China？

A. How soon; comes

B. How often; got

C. How long; came

D. How far; arrived

15. —Look！ Someone ___ the classroom.

—Well， it wasn't me. I didn't do it.

A. is cleaning ? ? B. was cleaning

C. has cleaned ? D. will clean

二、根據漢語意思完成英語句子，每空一詞。

1. 戴安娜已經離開家鄉十年了，她希望盡快回來。

Diana ___ ___ ___ ___ her hometown for ten years and she hopes to come back ___ ___ ___ possible.

2. 自從來到無錫，我們學校的外教已經習慣了這里的生活。

The foreign teacher in our school ___?___ ___ ___ ___ ___ here since he came to Wuxi.

3. 自我開始學英語以來，我結識了很多外國朋友。

I have made many foreign friends ___ I ___ learning English.

4. 他們已經采取行動挽救野生動物了嗎？

Have they ___ ___ to save wild animals yet？

5. 《復仇者聯盟4》已經上映兩個月了。

Avengers： Endgame ___ ___ ___ for two months.

三、將下列句子翻譯成英語。

1. 這位法國醫生已經在中國工作十多年了?！?br>