王桂馨
一、there be結構用法歸納
there be結構表示“有”,其確切含義是“存在”,表示“某地(時)有某物(人)”。如:
There is a desk in the bedroom. 臥室里有一張書桌。
There are seven days in a week. 一個星期有七天。
1. there be結構中的there 是引導詞,沒有實際意義,主語是be后的名詞。其中be的形式隨名詞來確定:主語是單數或不可數名詞時用is;主語是復數名詞時用are。如:
There is a purse here. 這里有一個錢包。
There is some money in the purse. 錢包里有一些錢。
There are 48 students in Class Eight. 八班有48個學生。
2. there be結構中,不論作主語的名詞有幾個,be動詞只與第一個名詞保持數上的一致,這被稱為“就近原則”。如:
There is a teacher and many students in the computer room. 電腦房里有一位老師和許多學生。
There are two cards and some money in the box. 箱子里有兩張卡片和一些錢。
3. there be結構表示“某處有某物(人)”,強調存在,并不特指某物是誰的,因此作主語的名詞前常用表示泛指的a, an, some, any, many, much, a lot of, a few, a little等詞或數詞修飾,而不用定冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞來修飾。如:
There is a bag on the bed. It is hers.
4. there be結構中的時間和地點狀語通常置于句末,但強調時間或地點時,也可置于句首。如:
On this floor there is a reading room. 在這層樓上有一個閱覽室。(強調在這層樓上)
This afternoon there is an English class. 今天下午有一節英語課。(強調今天下午)
二、there be結構句子形式
1. there be結構的否定形式是在be后加上not,如果句中有some,要改為any。如:
There is a big library in our school. →There is not a big library in our school.
2. there be結構的一般疑問句形式是把be動詞提到句首,即“Is there...?”或“Are there...?”,肯定答語用“Yes, there is / are”,否定答語用“No, there isnt / arent.”,如果句中有some,要改為any。如:
There are some girls behind the house. →Are there any girls behind the house? Yes, there are. / No, there arent.
3. there be結構的特殊疑問句形式是“疑問詞+一般疑問句?”。
對主語提問通常用what,省去引導詞there。即用句型“what is + 地點狀語?”。如:
There are some books on the desk. →What is on the desk?
對數量提問用“How many+復數名詞+are there +其他?” 對不可數名詞前的數量提問用“How much+不可數名詞+is there+其他?”如:
There is a tree in the garden.→How many trees are there in the garden?
There is some milk in the cup.→How much milk is there in the cup?
注意: has / have也表示“有”,在表示所屬或部分關系時,可以和there be句型相互轉換。如:
There is a big playground in our school.
→ Our school has a big playground.
但是,一定不能把have和there be兩者混用。如……