考古發(fā)掘現(xiàn)場搶救性保護(hù)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)研究課題立項報告

徐兵

摘 要：考古發(fā)掘現(xiàn)場的文物由于面臨空氣、濕度、溫度、光照以及外力等的巨變影響，會在發(fā)掘時受到不可逆的損毀，因此需要在考古發(fā)掘現(xiàn)場對文物進(jìn)行搶救性保護(hù)或臨時加固。現(xiàn)有臨時加固材料一般采用將熔融的環(huán)十二烷涂刷至待挖掘的文物表面，帶起凝固成形后形成臨時加固層；雖然能起到一定的保護(hù)和加固作用，但是環(huán)十二烷也有一系列的缺點(diǎn)，比如價格昂貴以及毒副作用未知等，此外由于其化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)沒有可以修飾和改性的官能團(tuán)，因此其熔點(diǎn)和揮發(fā)性都是單一不可調(diào)節(jié)的。我們前期發(fā)展使用天然香料薄荷醇作為臨時加固材料，取得了較明顯的效果；相比于環(huán)十二烷，薄荷醇具有價格便宜且安全無毒副作用的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但是也有熔點(diǎn)偏低及揮發(fā)太快的缺點(diǎn)。該課題將從對薄荷醇進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)修飾和衍生出發(fā)，構(gòu)建具有梯度熔點(diǎn)和揮發(fā)性能的臨時加固材料庫，并進(jìn)行模擬加固實驗，構(gòu)建加固實驗的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方法和效果評價體系。

關(guān)鍵詞：考古 發(fā)掘 臨時加固

Abstract：Cultural relics on site of archaeological excavation always receive irreversible damage because of the dramatic changes of air， humidity， temperature， light and other forces； therefore require rescuing protection or temporary reinforcement. Cyclododecane is the commonly used temporary reinforcement materials. It is usually heated to molten and then brushed to the surface of excavated cultural relics； temporary reinforcement layer is formed after solidification. Although able to play a role in temporary reinforcement， cyclododecane suffers from the drawbacks such as expensive price and other unknown side effects； in addition due to its chemical structure without functional group， cyclododecane cant be chemically modified to achieve adjustable melting point and volatile. We early used menthol， a natural flavor， as a temporary reinforcement materials， and achieved positively results. Compared cyclododecane， menthol has some significant advantages such as cheap， safe and non-toxic， but also has some shortcomings such as a too low melting point and a too high volatility. This project will begin from the chemically modification of menthol， and construct a material library with gradient melting point and volatility. Standard methods and evaluation system of reinforcement experiments will be builded after simulation experiments.

Key Words：Archaeology； Excavation； Temporary reinforcement

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