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板式部件的UV輥涂工藝研究

2020-09-17 13:44:13陳剛王金歡杜德春張豐郭曉磊
森林工程 2020年5期

陳剛 王金歡 杜德春 張豐 郭曉磊

摘 要:為了完善板式部件的涂飾工藝,提升不同的表面涂飾效果,解決涂飾工藝過程中的缺陷問題,本文以薄中密度纖維板(MDF)為板式部件基材,研究封閉和開放兩種UV輥涂工藝在 MDF中的應用,分析涂飾后 MDF漆膜性能的影響因素。結果表明:封閉和開放兩種輥涂工藝賦予了MDF不同的表面特征,使MDF光滑平整或具有自然的木紋;由于素板及薄木貼面后的MDF表面孔隙大小不同,影響了砂光、輥涂和干燥工藝;根據工件表面色彩的需求,UV漆中顏料的選擇影響工件的干燥程度,當涂料顏色對紫外光吸收強度較大時,應提高干燥單元的固化能量,補充顏料對紫外光的損耗。涂飾工藝的每道工序均影響著板式部件涂飾后的漆膜性能,需根據板件的基材孔隙、涂料顏色和工藝類型等因素,柔性調整工藝流程及參數。

關鍵詞:板式部件;UV漆;輥涂工藝;漆膜性能

中圖分類號:TS652 ? ?文獻標識碼:A ? 文章編號:1006-8023(2020)05-0073-05

Abstract:In order to improve the finishing process of panel parts, improve the different surface finishing effects, and solve the defects in the finishing process, taking regular thin MDF as the substrate of panel parts, the application of two UV roller coating technologies, closure and opening, in MDF was studied, and the influence factors on the performance of MDF coating film after finishing were analyzed. The results showed that the two roller coating processes of closure and opening gave MDF different surface characteristics, making MDF smooth and flat or with natural wood grain. Due to the different pore sizes of MDF surface after veneer overlaying and plain panel, the parameters of sanding, roller coating and drying process were affected. According to the needs of the surface color of the workpiece, the choice of pigment in the UV coating affected the drying degree of the workpiece. When the UV light absorption intensity of the coating color was large, the curing energy of the drying unit should be increased to supplement the loss of pigment to the UV light. Each working procedure of the process affected the coating film quality of the panel parts after finishing. The process flow and parameters should be flexibly adjusted according to the substrate pore, paints color and technological types.

Keywords:Panel parts; UV lacquer; roller coating technology; coating film quality

0 引言

板式部件是以中密度纖維板(MDF)、細木工板、刨花板以及膠合板等人造板為基材、然后在其表面進行貼面或油漆涂飾加工的構件。其中MDF是以木質纖維為原料膠合而成的板材[1],具有較佳的理化性能和尺寸穩定性,且MDF表面孔隙小,更利于油漆涂飾[2-4]。板式部件油漆涂飾后,表面被賦予一層漆膜保護,提供優異的耐磨性、硬度、耐水性和附著力等漆膜性能,油漆涂飾工藝廣泛應用于櫥柜、會議桌和木門等板式家具中[5]。

目前,板式部件涂飾常用的涂料有PU漆和UV漆[6-7],PU漆的附著力好、硬度高及韌性好,多用于噴涂,易造成油漆揮發浪費和破壞環境等缺陷;UV漆具有VOCs排放量極低、環保和干燥速度極快等優勢,廣泛應用于規則薄板式部件的輥涂涂飾工藝中[8-10],可以有效提高UV漆的利用率,提升涂飾效率并增加公司的生產效益。

漆膜性能是反映UV涂料與MDF結合過程的重要指標,MDF表面的微小孔隙與涂料之間形成嵌鎖結合,使得涂料緊緊貼附在MDF表面,形成漆膜保護。國內外學者對漆膜性能及輥涂工藝已進行了研究。騰雨等[11]分析了MDF的實色UV輥涂工藝,工藝采用兩道膩子、三道底漆及兩道面漆,得到的涂飾板件漆膜性能良好。江應[12]開發了一條節能環保高效的MDF實色UV輥涂工藝路線,對涂飾工藝的砂光、輥涂及干燥工序進行了布置及參數設置。Ruiz等[13]研究了樣品成分和工藝參數對 UV漆的影響,研究發現不同涂層厚度和不同紫外線輻射劑量會對固化過程產生影響。Hwang等[14]研究了水性UV漆在實木復合地板干燥時的影響因素,發現水分干燥條件對表面形狀和漆膜形態均有顯著影響。

板式部件的基材孔隙、涂料顏色和工藝類型等因素,影響著工件的涂飾效果和漆膜性能,決定了工件的工藝流程及工藝參數設置。當基材孔隙較大時,需增加涂布量及涂飾遍數,或對基材采用薄木貼面的方式,減小孔隙后進行涂飾;當選用含有顏色的涂料時,需根據涂料顏色的由淺到深,提高干燥單元的固化能量。

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