2019 Nobel Prize Winners in Chemistry 2019年諾貝爾化學獎獲得者

Maria Temming, Jonathan Lambert 陳延洲

These three scientists， John B. Goodenough， M. Stanley Whittingham and Akira Yoshino （from left）， have won the 2019 Nobel Prize in chemistry for their work on lithium-ion batteries1.

這三位科學家，約翰·古迪納夫、斯坦利·維丁漢姆和吉野彰（左起）因在鋰離子電池方面的研究獲得了2019年諾貝爾化學獎。

Alessandro Volta demonstrated2 the first electric battery in 1800. Since then， scientists have been working to build better ones. Todays winners were honored for pioneering the lithium-ion battery. Lightweight and rechargeable， these batteries can be found in everything from portable electronics to electric cars and bicycles. They also provide a way to store energy from renewable energy sources （such as sunlight and wind）.

亞歷山德羅·沃爾塔在1800年展示了世界上第一塊電池。從那以后，科學家們一直致力于制造出更好的電池。這次的（諾貝爾化學獎）獲獎者因研發了鋰離子電池而受到表彰。這些輕巧、可充電的電池被廣泛應用在便攜式電子產品以及電動汽車和自行車上。它們還提供了一種儲存可再生能源（如光能和風能）的方法。

The winners include John B. Goodenough at the University of Texas at Austin. At 97， he is the oldest person to ever receive a Nobel. The other winners are M. Stanley Whittingham and Akira Yoshino. Whittingham works at Binghamton University in New York. Yoshiro works in Japan at Asahi Kasei Corporation in Tokyo and Meijo University in Nagoya.

獲獎者包括美國得克薩斯大學奧斯汀校區的約翰·古迪納夫。約翰·古迪納夫現年97歲，是迄今為止最大年齡的諾貝爾獎獲得者。其他兩名獲獎者分別是斯坦利·維丁漢姆和吉野彰。維丁漢姆任教于紐約州賓漢姆頓大學。吉野彰任職于日本東京的旭化成公司和名古屋的名城大學。

All three will receive a medal and together share the prize of 9 million Swedish kronor （about $900，000）.

三位獲獎者各將獲得一枚獎章，并平分900萬瑞典克朗（約合90萬美元）的獎金。

Chemist Olof Ramstr■m works at the University of Massachusetts Lowell. He also is a member of the 2019 Nobel Committee3 for chemistry. He said， “This battery has had a dramatic impact on our society. Its clear that the discoveries of our three laureates4 really made this possible.”

化學家奧洛夫·拉姆斯特羅任職于馬薩諸塞大學洛威爾分校。他也是2019年諾貝爾化學獎委員會成員之一。他說，“這種電池對我們的社會產生了巨大的影響。很明顯，我們的三位獲獎者的發現確實做到了這一點。”

In the 1970s， Whittingham began experimenting with lithium5 for his anode6. It did not weigh much and easily released electrons7 and lithium ions8. Whittingham used this design for the first lithium battery.

上世紀70年代，維丁漢姆開始實驗用鋰做陽極。它重量不大，很容易地釋放出電子和鋰離子。維丁漢姆將這種設計用于第一塊鋰電池。

Goodenough tried to improve on Whittinghams design over the next decade. Goodenoughs innovation9 doubled voltage. Thats about what it takes to power a modern smartphone.

古迪納夫在接下來的十年里試著改進維丁漢姆的設計。古迪納夫的革新使得電池電壓翻倍。這為現代智能手機提供了動力。……