Sweden

◎供稿：July

瑞典位于北歐的斯堪的納維亞半島。自1523年以來(lái)，斯德哥爾摩一直是瑞典的首都。瑞典在環(huán)保方面取得的成績(jī)是世界矚目的。

Sweden is a1)sparsely［spɑ?slI］adv. 稀疏地sparselypopulated country, characterized by its long coastline,extensive forests and numerous lakes. It is one of the world’s northernmost countries.

Sweden is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, Finland to the east, and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridgetunnel across the ?resund Strait. At about 450 thousand square kilometres, Sweden is the largest country in Northern Europe, the third-largest country in the European Union and the fifth largest country in Europe by area. The capital city is Stockholm. Sweden has a total population of about 10 million.

Most of Sweden has a temperate climate, despite its northern2)latitude［?l?tItju?d］n. 緯度；界限latitude, with largely four distinct seasons and mild temperatures throughout the year. The winter in the far south is usually weak and is3)manifest［?m?nIfest］v. 證明；表明manifestedonly through some shorter periods with snow and sub-zero temperatures, autumn may well turn into spring there, without a distinct period of winter. Sweden experiences extreme contrasts between its long summer days and equally long winter nights. In the summer, the sun stays in the sky around the clock in the parts of Sweden north of the Arctic Circle, but even as far south as Stockholm (59°N) the June nights have only a few hours of semi-darkness.

Sweden is a lovely locale with a4)vibrant［?vaIbr?nt］adj. 充滿(mǎn)生機(jī)的vibrantlife and friendly faces abound.

In Sweden, you are sure to notice that the streets are relatively clean of garbage,even in larger places such as Gothenburg and Malm. This is because a love of nature is deeply5)instill［In?stIl］vt. 逐漸灌輸instilledin the hearts of all Swedish people, and their respect for nature has6)yield［ji?ld］v. 生產(chǎn)；產(chǎn)出yieldeda beautifully green,environmentally friendly society.

Sweden is so good at7)recycle［?ri??saIkl］v. 回收利用；重新使用recyclingthat, for several years, it has imported rubbish from other countries to keep its recycling plants going. Less than 1 percent of Swedish household waste was sent to8)landfill［?l?ndfIl］n. 垃圾堆landfilllast year or any year since 2011.

Why are we sending waste to Sweden? Their system is so far ahead because of a culture of looking after the environment. Sweden was one of the first countries to implement a heavy tax on fossil fuels in 1991 and now sources almost half its electricity from9)renewable［rI?nju??bl］adj. 可再生的renewables.

Swedish people are quite keen on being out in nature and they are aware of what we need do on nature and environmental issues.

Swedish people are aware not to throw things outdoors but to recycle and reuse. Over time, Sweden has implemented a10)cohesive［k???hi?sIv］adj. 凝聚的cohesivenational recycling policy so that even though private companies undertake most of the business of importing and burning waste, the energy goes into a national heating network to heat homes through the freezing Swedish winter. That’s a key reason that Sweden has this district network, so Sweden can make use of the heating from the waste plants. In the southern part of Europe they don’t make use of the heating from the waste, it just goes out the chimney. Here Sweden use it as a substitute for fossil fuel.

Swedish municipalities are individually investing in futuristic waste collection techniques, like automated vacuum systems in residential blocks, removing the need for collection transport, and underground container systems that free up road space and get rid of any smells.

瑞典是一個(gè)人口稀少的國(guó)家，以其漫長(zhǎng)的海岸線(xiàn)、廣闊的森林和眾多的湖泊為特征。它是世界上最北端的國(guó)家之一。

瑞典位于北歐。它的西部和北部與挪威接壤，東部與芬蘭接壤，西南部通過(guò)橫跨厄勒海峽的大橋隧道與丹麥相連。瑞典占地約45萬(wàn)平方公里，是北歐最大的國(guó)家、歐盟第三大國(guó)和歐洲第五大國(guó)。瑞典的首都是斯德哥爾摩。瑞典的總?cè)丝诩s1000萬(wàn)。

瑞典大部分地區(qū)盡管在北半球，但氣候溫和，主要有四個(gè)不同的季節(jié)，全年溫度適中。瑞典南部的冬季時(shí)間通常較短，只有在短時(shí)期內(nèi)才出現(xiàn)降雪和零下氣溫，秋天很可能直接變成春季，而沒(méi)有明顯的冬季。瑞典在漫長(zhǎng)的夏日和漫長(zhǎng)的冬夜之間經(jīng)歷了巨大的對(duì)比。在夏季，北極圈以北的瑞典部分地區(qū)全天候都有陽(yáng)光，即使到了瑞典南部如斯德哥爾摩（北緯59°），六月的夜晚也只有幾個(gè)小時(shí)是半明半暗的。

瑞典是一個(gè)令人心情愉悅的地方，到處都充滿(mǎn)勃勃生機(jī)和友善的面孔。

在瑞典，你一定會(huì)注意到街上很干凈沒(méi)有垃圾，即使是在更大的城市，比如哥德堡和馬爾默。這是因?yàn)闊釔?ài)大自然的理念已經(jīng)深入每一個(gè)瑞典人的內(nèi)心，正是由于他們對(duì)大自然的尊重，他們營(yíng)造出了一個(gè)美麗的綠色環(huán)境友好型社會(huì)。

這些年瑞典的環(huán)保工作做得太出色了，如今甚至要從其他國(guó)家進(jìn)口垃圾，才能讓本國(guó)的回收工廠繼續(xù)運(yùn)營(yíng)。去年，瑞典送入垃圾場(chǎng)的生活垃圾不足總量的1%，這種情況一直從2011年持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。

為什么要把垃圾送到瑞典？因?yàn)槿鸬淙擞斜Ｗo(hù)環(huán)境的文化傳統(tǒng)，他們的系統(tǒng)很先進(jìn)。瑞典是1991年第一批開(kāi)始對(duì)化石燃料征收重稅的國(guó)家之一，如今瑞典近一半的電力供應(yīng)來(lái)自可再生能源。

瑞典人很喜歡擁抱大自然，也知道采取哪些措施來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)環(huán)境問(wèn)題。

瑞典人不在戶(hù)外亂扔垃圾，而是對(duì)垃圾進(jìn)行回收和再利用。在過(guò)去的時(shí)間里，瑞典推行了一項(xiàng)連貫的全國(guó)性回收政策，這樣一來(lái)，盡管私企承擔(dān)了大部分垃圾進(jìn)口和焚燒業(yè)務(wù)，產(chǎn)生的能源還是能用于國(guó)家供暖系統(tǒng)，在瑞典寒冷的冬天里溫暖千家萬(wàn)戶(hù)。這是瑞典建立這一區(qū)域系統(tǒng)的主要原因，這樣才能利用垃圾焚燒產(chǎn)生的熱量。歐洲南部的國(guó)家不會(huì)利用垃圾焚燒來(lái)提供熱量，而是任憑熱量從煙囪冒出去，瑞典則用它來(lái)替代化石燃料。

瑞典自治區(qū)都在各自發(fā)展未來(lái)化的垃圾收集技術(shù)，比如居民區(qū)的自動(dòng)真空系統(tǒng)免去了垃圾收運(yùn)，還有地下裝載系統(tǒng)，可以避免占用街道和產(chǎn)生各種氣味。