王超 李倩
摘 ? 要:20世紀(jì)80-90年代,面對DRAM核心技術(shù)受制于人的困境,韓國通過出臺發(fā)展DRAM的專門戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃、加大DRAM研發(fā)投入、構(gòu)建官產(chǎn)學(xué)研發(fā)聯(lián)合體并聯(lián)合實施超大規(guī)模集成電路技術(shù)共同開發(fā)計劃等措施,成功實現(xiàn)DRAM關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)突破。文章重點分析了韓國突破DRAM關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)的典型案例,從體制機制、組織模式、政策措施方面剖析了韓國發(fā)展DRAM技術(shù)的實踐經(jīng)驗,以期為我國加強IT領(lǐng)域關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)研發(fā),早日實現(xiàn)技術(shù)突破提供參考和借鑒。
關(guān)鍵詞:DRAM;關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù);體制機制;組織模式;政策措施
中圖分類號: TN301 ? ? ? ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A
Abstract: In the 1980s and 1990s, faced with the dilemma of DRAM core technology being controlled by people, South Korea introduced a special strategic plan for DRAM development, increased DRAM R & D investment, built an official industry-university R & D complex, and jointly implemented a joint development plan for VLSI technology And other measures to successfully achieve breakthroughs in key DRAM core technologies. This paper focuses on the typical cases of South Korea's breakthrough in the key core technologies of DRAM, and analyzes the practical experience of South Korea's development of DRAM technology from the aspects of system mechanism, organization mode and policy measures, in order to provide reference for China to strengthen the research and development of key core technologies in the IT field and achieve the technological breakthrough as soon as possible.
Key words: DRAM; key core technology; institutional mechanism; organizational model; policy measures
1 引言
20世紀(jì)70年代,韓國嚴(yán)重缺乏自主技術(shù)、過分依賴國外供應(yīng)商提供芯片,淪為專門從事簡單的晶體管和ICs組裝的裝配生產(chǎn)基地。為扭轉(zhuǎn)困境,韓國通過出臺發(fā)展DRAM的專門戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃、加大DRAM研發(fā)投入、構(gòu)建官產(chǎn)學(xué)研發(fā)聯(lián)合體并聯(lián)合實施超大規(guī)模集成電路技術(shù)共同開發(fā)計劃等措施,十余年內(nèi)掌握DRAM關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù),并一直牢牢把握DRAM技術(shù)制高點。韓國突破DRAM關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)的體制機制、組織模式、政策措施方面的經(jīng)驗,對于我國掌握IT核心技術(shù)具有重大的理論借鑒意義和實踐參考價值。
2 韓國DRAM技術(shù)發(fā)展背景
半導(dǎo)體技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)是一種高技術(shù)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè),也是一個國家核心競爭力的重要象征。20世紀(jì)60年代,韓國半導(dǎo)體產(chǎn)業(yè)以技術(shù)引進和從事硬件的生產(chǎn)加工及服務(wù)起步。1965-1973年間,仙童半導(dǎo)體(Fairchild)、摩托羅拉(Motorola)等11家美國半導(dǎo)體公司,三洋(Sanyo)和東芝(Toshiba)等7家日本半導(dǎo)體公司先后在韓國投資設(shè)廠,利用韓國廉價勞動力,采用大進大出的來料加工模式,使得韓國淪為專門從事簡單的晶體管和ICs組裝的裝配生產(chǎn)基地,并未真正取得半導(dǎo)體技術(shù)和產(chǎn)業(yè)的進步?!?br>