朱春華 田稼科



摘? 要: 基于WiFi的被動式定位技術(shù)因其不要求目標(biāo)攜帶射頻標(biāo)簽、定位設(shè)備已商用化、定位數(shù)據(jù)便于獲取等優(yōu)點得到廣泛關(guān)注。文中綜述了現(xiàn)有的基于WiFi的設(shè)備無關(guān)被動式定位系統(tǒng),按照定位數(shù)據(jù)特點和定位實現(xiàn)原理,對比分析了基于接收信號強度(RSS)和基于信道狀態(tài)信息(CSI)的WiFi定位系統(tǒng)的架構(gòu)、定位性能和適用性,所得結(jié)論可作為定位系統(tǒng)選擇的依據(jù)。
關(guān)鍵詞: 被動式定位; WiFi定位系統(tǒng); 指紋匹配; 目標(biāo)檢測; 接收信號強度; 定位性能分析; 定位數(shù)據(jù)獲取
中圖分類號: TN926?34? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文獻標(biāo)識碼: A? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文章編號: 1004?373X(2020)11?0024?05
Research on device?free passive localization technology based on WiFi
ZHU Chunhua, TIAN Jiake
(College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China)
Abstract: The passive localization technology based on WiFi is widely concerned because it does not require the target to carry the radio frequency tag, the localization equipment has been commercialized, and the localization data is easy to obtain. The existing device?free passive localization systems based on WiFi have been reviewed in this paper. According to the characteristics of the localization data and the localization implementation principle, the two localization systems based on the received signal strength (RSS) and channel state information (CSI) are contrasted and analyzed in the implementation structure, location accuracy and applicability. The results can be used for the selection of the localization systems.
Keywords: passive localization; WiFi positioning system; fingerprint matching; object detection; received signal strength; positioning performance analysis; positioning data acquisition
0? 引? 言
目標(biāo)定位在雷達、聲納、無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)、天線基站等領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用非常廣泛,它也是目標(biāo)追蹤、識別和監(jiān)測的基礎(chǔ)。能夠提供室外精準(zhǔn)位置服務(wù)的全球定位系統(tǒng)[1](Global Positioning System,GPS)和北斗導(dǎo)航定位系統(tǒng)[2](BeiDou Navigation Satellite System,BDS)等技術(shù)極為成熟,但其用于室內(nèi)定位時由于衛(wèi)星信號受到建筑物阻擋,出現(xiàn)衰減和室內(nèi)環(huán)境復(fù)雜多變難以提供高精度的位置信息。近些年射頻定位技術(shù)因其硬件實現(xiàn)簡單、組網(wǎng)靈活、分辨率高等優(yōu)點成為新的研究熱點,若按照目標(biāo)是否攜帶射頻標(biāo)簽,則可分為主動式定位和被動式定位兩大類。文獻[3]首次提出了被動式定位的概念,與主動式定位相比,被動式定位不要求待側(cè)目標(biāo)攜帶標(biāo)簽,不涉及目標(biāo)隱私和安全性,具有更為廣闊的應(yīng)用場景。在藍牙[4](Bluetooth,BT),ZigBee[5],WiFi,射頻標(biāo)簽[6](Radio Frequency Indentification,RFID),超寬帶無線電[7](UltraWideBand,UWB)等現(xiàn)有的定位技術(shù)中,基于WiFi的射頻定位技術(shù)能夠利用現(xiàn)成的IEEE 802.11n標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下的商用無……