醫學英語中名詞化結構對英語書面寫作的啟示

張 琦

大連醫科大學中山學院 遼寧 大連116023

大量使用名詞化結構是醫學英語的特點之一，因為醫學文體要求行文簡潔，表達客觀，內容確切，信息量大，強調存在的事實。而這些特點恰恰符合正式書面英語寫作的特點。因此，分析名詞化結構在醫學英語文體中的特點對于正式書面英語的寫作有很大的借鑒意義。

1 名詞化結構，多與并列結構結合，放于段中，起到解釋說明或進一步補充說明的作用

The metabolic effects of excess levels of GHinclude alterations in fat and carbohydrate metabolism.Increased levels of GH have a diabetogenic effect.GH acts as aninsulin antagonist；in excess，it decreases carbohydrate utilization and it i mpairs glucose uptakeinto cells.……In addition，GHalsoincreases the ability of the beta cells to respond to insulinogenic sti muli.Long-ter m elevation of GH results in oversti mulation of the beta cells，literally causing themto“burn out”，predisposing to the develop ment of diabetes mellitus.……

The pituitary gland is located in the pituitary fossa of the sphenoid bone，which lies directly below the optic nerve.……Compression of other pituitary structures can cause secondary hypothyroidism，hypogonadism，and adrenal insufficency.Ot her manifestations include……

The major effects of both types of intestinal obstruction are abdominal distention and loss of fluids and electrolyts.……Distention is f urther aggravated by the accu mulation of gases.About 70%of these gases are derived fro mswallowed air.……

Treat ment depends on t he cause and type of obstruction.Most cases of adynamic obstruction respond to decompression of the bowel through nasogastric suction and correction of fluid and electrolyte i mbalance.……

2 名詞化結構位于段末，多與簡單句結合，起到概括總結作用

……Hypertension is relatively c ommon.Paresthesias may develop because of nerve entrap ment and compression caused by excess soft tissue and accumulation of subcutaneous fluid.

……Strangulation with necrosis of the bowel may occur and lead to perforation，peritonitis，and sepsis.It is serious complication and may increase the mortality rate of intestinal obstruction to about 25%.

……Preprocedure radiologic studies using a contrast mediu m are done to deter mine the position of the stone and direct the placement of the ureteroscope.

3 名詞化結構，多與并列結構結合，位于段首，起到提出總論點或分論點的作用。

The goal of treat ment in acromegaly are the rapid nor malization of GH to prevent or reverse progression of the disorder；prevention or reversal of the pressure effects of t hetu mor on structures surrounding the sella turcica；and preservation or restoration nor mal pituitary f unction.Pituitary tu mors can be removed surgically using the transphenoidal approach，or their size can be reduced with irradiation.……

Intestinal obstruction designates an i mpair ment of movement of intestinal contents in a cephalocaudal direction.The causes can be categorized as mechanical or paralytic obstruction.……The manifestations of intestinal obstruction depend on the degree of obstruction and its duration.With acute obstr uction，the onset is usually sudden and dramatic.With……

4 使用名詞化短語在句中可以簡化句子，表意緊湊完整。

The molecules of a substance are moving about all the ti me without stopping.

The molecules of a substance are in continual motion.

兩句意思相同，第二句中名詞化結構的出現一方面簡化了句子，一方面強調了事實。

Although the production of transgenic strains of ani mals carrying foreign genes is now a relatively routine technique in many laboratories，it is unlikely that such methods will be extended to hu man embryos，both for moral and technical reasons.

此句中名詞化結構的出現，一方面減少了分句的出現，另一方面又包含了大量的信息，使句子更加緊湊。

The use of the ter m “ter minal”must also take into account the effectiveness of current medical therapeutics.

此句中的名詞化結構使定義的對象更加準確。

Second，the existence of further therapeutic options for the underlying illness must be addressed.

A thrombus may cause sudden closure of the vessel with complete obstruction of the blood flow.

此兩句的名詞化結構都使得定義的對象更加具體含義更加完整。