?粉壟減肥栽培對春青稞山青9號生長和產量的影響?

?胡朝霞 米瑪次仁 擁嘎 查斯 白德朗 黃安平 韋本輝 譚炎寧

摘 要：春青稞提早成熟有助于規避收獲期不良天氣引發的倒伏風險，但也常帶來減產的問題，研究運用一種將粉壟與減肥相結合的栽培方法來解決這一難題。粉壟減肥組的耕松深度設計為50 cm（系常規栽培組的2倍），其基肥和追肥施用量分別比對照組減少30%和85%;分析了粉壟減肥模式對春青稞山青9號生長和產量的影響。結果顯示：與對照組相比，粉壟減肥組山青9號的出苗率提高了15.83個百分點，播種后第50天的基本苗數增加了34.63%，且單位面積生物量（鮮重）增加了48.54%;粉壟減肥組山青9號的抽穗期和成熟期分別提早了7和9 d，單位面積有效穗數和穗粒數分別提高了35.28%和9.60%，最終實際產量增加了4.92%。這些結果表明粉壟減肥栽培是實現春青稞早熟穩產的有效途徑。

關鍵詞：春青稞;山青9號;粉壟;減肥;早熟;穩產性

中圖分類號：S318文獻標識碼：A文章編號：1006-060X（2020）05-0021-05

Effects of Combing Deep Vertically Rotary Tillage with Fertilizer Reduction on Growth

and Yield of Spring Hulless Barley “Shanqing No.9”

HU Zhao-xia1，Mimaciren1，Yongga1，Chaci1，BAI De-lang2，HUANG An-ping2，

WEI Ben-hui3，TAN Yan-ning1，2

（1. Shannan Municipal Agricultural Technology Extension Center in Tibet， Shannan 856000， PRC; 2. Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Changsha 410125， PRC; 3. Institute of Economic Crops， Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Nanning 530007， PRC）

Abstract： Being early maturing for spring hulless barley （Hordeum vulgare） helps to avoid the risk of lodging caused from the catastrophic weather during the harvest period， but it often brings another problem of yield reduction. Here， a novel cultivation that combines deep vertically rotary tillage with fertilizer reduction （DVRTFR） was used to solve this problem. In the design of field experiments， the tillage depth in DVRTFR was set at 50 cm， two times of conventional cultivation （CK）， and the fertilizer amount at the base stage and topdressing stage was reduced by 30% and 85% in contrast with CK. The effects of DVRTFR on growth and yield traits of spring hulless barley cultivar named “Shanqing No.9” （SQ.9） were investigated. The results showed that SQ.9 under DVRTFR presented an increase of 15.83% in seedling rate， 34.63% in tiller number and 48.54% in fresh biomass per unit area on the fiftieth day after sowing by contrast with CK. Furthermore， observation of main yield factors revealed the heading date and maturing date in DVRTFR was 7 days and 9 days earlier， and the number of effective ears and the total grains per square meter increased by 35.28% and 9.60%， thus leading to a yield improvement of 4.92%. Therefore， it suggested DVRTFR could provide an alternative to ensure spring hulless barley earlier maturing and stable yield.

Key words： spring hulless barley （Hordeum vulgare）; Shanqing No.9; deep vertically rotary tillage; fertilizer reduction; early maturing; yield stability