改進蟻群優化算法的最優物流配送路徑設計

張濱麗 卞興超

摘? 要： 針對傳統蟻群優化算法難以找到全局最優的物流配送路徑，物流配送的時效性差等缺陷，為獲得理想的物流配送路徑，提出基于改進蟻群優化算法的最優物流配送路徑設計方法。首先，對物流配送路徑優化設計問題進行分析，建立物流配送路徑優化模型;然后，將蟻群置于物流配送的起始點，通過搜索下一節點、信息激素更新等模擬自然界蟻群尋食機制，找到從起始點到配送目標點的最優物流配送路徑，并對傳統蟻群優化算法的不足進行相應的改進;最后，通過具體實例分析改進蟻群優化算法應用于最優物流配送路徑設計中的有效性。改進蟻群優化算法可以在短時間內成功找到最優物流配送路徑，物流配送時間要少于其他物流配送路徑設計方法，能夠為提高物流企業的經濟效益提供有價值的參考信息。

關鍵詞： 物流配送; 物流路徑設計; 蟻群優化算法改進; 路徑優化模型; 算法有效性分析; 企業效益提升

中圖分類號： TN02?34; TP183? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文獻標識碼： A? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文章編號： 1004?373X（2020）09?0105?04

An optimal logistics distribution path design based on improved ant colony optimization

ZHANG Binli， BIAN Xingchao

（Suihua University， Suihua 152061， China）

Abstract： Since there are shortcomings in the traditional ant colony optimization， like difficulty in getting the global optimal logistics distribution path and poor time efficiency of logistics distribution， an optimal logistics distribution path design method based on the improved ant colony optimization is proposed to obtain an ideal logistics distribution path. The optimization design of logistics distribution path is analyzed. The optimization model of logistics distribution path is established. The ant colony is placed at the start point of logistics distribution. And then， by searching for the next node and information hormone updating， the ant colony feeding mechanism in the nature is simulated， and the optimal logistics distribution path from the start point to the distribution target point is found. In addition， the shortcomings of the traditional ant colony optimization are improved. In the end， the effectiveness of the improved ant colony optimization applied to the optimal logistics distribution path design is analyzed by means of some specific examples. The improved ant colony optimization can find the optimal logistics distribution path successfully in a short time， and its duration of logistics distribution is shorter than that of other logistics distribution path design methods. Therefore， it can provide valuable reference information for improving the economic benefits of logistics enterprises.

Keywords： logistics distribution; logistics path design; ant colony optimization improvement; path optimization model; algorithm effectiveness analysis; enterprise benefit improvement

0? 引? 言

隨著經濟全球化進程的不斷加快，企業的物流活動日益頻繁，電子商務快速發展，物流成為企業的一個重要環節[1]。運輸費用占用物流費用的比重相當高，運輸費用與物流配送路徑選取直接相關。物流配送的目的就是為顧客提供最優的服務，同時，盡可能地降低物流配送成本，因此，設計最優的物流配送路徑具有重要的研究意義[2?3]。

由于國內物流起步比較晚，因此，物流配送路徑設計研究時間相對較短，最初主要通過司機憑借自己的經驗規劃最優物流配送路徑，由于缺乏科學指導，得到的物流配送路徑并非最優，物流配送效率低，物流配送的成本高[4?6]。……