“形副”
—— 非選擇題的獨寵

⊙ 陳葵強 河北省蠡縣中學高級教師

一、形容詞考查：表語、定語、比較級和最高級

（一）作表語：在系動詞后作表語。

首先我們要明白的是，系表結構由兩部分構成：系動詞和表語。1. 系動詞（分為三類）：

1) Be動詞及表狀態的詞：am、is、are、was、were、remain、stay、keep等；

2) 感官動詞：sound、look、taste、feel、smell等；

3) 表變化的動詞：appear、become、grow、get、turn、go、come等。

注意：有一些動詞既可以作系動詞，又可以作及物動詞和不及物動詞；系動詞沒有被動形式，通常用主動表示被動，且沒有進行時。如：

He is growing very fast. （不及物動詞）

I am growing apples in my backyard. （及物動詞）

The sea is growing rough. （系動詞）

He is tasting the food. （及物動詞）

The food tastes good. （連系動詞）

Tasting good, the fruits sell well. （taste作系動詞，沒有被動形式）

形容詞、副詞是高考中語法填空、短文改錯這些非選擇題愛考的考點，縱觀2016和2017年高考卷，這類題目均占有10多題的分量，具有不可輕視的地位。考生們如能掌握這兩個考點，就可以輕松得分。下面就給大家分別介紹形容詞和副詞考點。

2. 表語：

在高考考查過程中，充當表語的常是形容詞。

注意：一般以ly結尾的為副詞，但是daily、weekly、friendly、lovely、lively、monthly等除外；使役動詞轉換來的形容詞-ing形式表示“令人，使人……的”，-ed形式表示“人……（狀態）”，如：surprising/surprised；worrying/worried；disappointing/disappointed；shocking/shocked等。如：

Everyone was very friendly towards me. （每個人都對我十分友好。）

This is a worrying day. （這是令人擔憂的一天。）

He was worried about his score. （他很擔憂自己的分數。）

Father was so pleased that he suggested I go at once. （父親太高興了，于是他建議我趕緊走。）

（二）作定語：形容詞一般放在名詞前作定語。

He is a successful writer. （他是一位成功的作家。）

但是在下列情況中，作定語的形容詞要放在其所修飾的名詞之后：

1. 以a-開頭的形容詞作定語時要后置，常見的有alive、afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake 等。如：

He must be the best violinist alive. （他一定是當代最好的小提琴手了。）2. 形容詞修飾不定代詞時后置。如：

Anyone intelligent can do it. （任何有頭腦的人都能做這件事。）3. 形容詞性短語作定語時要后置。如：

I think he is a man suitable for the job. （我認為他很適合做這項工作。）注意：Else用來修飾復合代詞、疑問代詞等時，必須后置。如：Little else remains to be done. （剩下沒什么要做的事了。）

（三）比較級和最高級

1. 注意不規則形容詞的比較級和最高級的拼寫。如：

far—farther（表距離上）/further（表程度上）—farthest/furthest

good/well—better—best

bad—worse—worst

2. 形容詞最高級前面一定要填the，the后面給出的形容詞一定是最高級形式，而副詞最高級前的the則可有可無。如：

Andy is content with the toy. It is the _______ (good) he has ever got. (2015四川，答案：best)3. Even/much/a lot/any（常在否定句和疑問句中）等修飾比較級，所以后面常跟比較級。如：

The screen turned even brighter. （屏幕變得更亮了。）

The crop was growing much slower than he expected. （莊稼的長勢比他的預期慢多了。）

I feel a lot better now. （我現在感到好多了。）

Is that any better? （情況好點了嗎？）

二、副詞考查：修飾動詞，放在動詞前后的情況都有；修飾形容詞和副詞，放在其前。

He spoke English fluently. （他的英語說得很流利。）

It’s extremely cold. （今天非常冷。）

I’m terribly disappointed at the news. （我對這個消息非常失望。）

He works very hard. （他非常努力地工作。）

They were getting along fairly well with each other. （他們相處得很不錯。）

注意：形容詞變成副詞，要注意正確書寫副詞，否則無論是短文改錯題還是語法填空題都很難得分。規律如下：

★ 直接加ly：

fortunate—fortunately；unfortunate—unfortunately；immediate—immediately；complete—completely；entire—entirely；extreme—extremely；private—privately等。

★ 去e加ly：

true—truly；whole—wholly（高中詞匯中只有這兩個，其余以e結尾且不是以le結尾的詞都直接加ly）。

★ 輔音字母加y結尾，變y為i加ly：

happy—happily；lucky—luckily；easy—easily等。★ 以le結尾的形容詞，變e為y成為副詞：

terrible—terribly；possible—possibly；impossible—impossibly；probable—probably；horrible—horribly；comfortable—comfortably；sensible—sensibly；simple—simply；flexible—flexibly等。

真題演練

一、語法填空：

1. (2017全國卷I) As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even ______ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.

2. (2017全國卷I) However, be______ (care) not to go to extreme.

3. (2017全國卷II) It must have been _______(fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.

4. (2017全國卷II) The Central London Railway was one of the most _____ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.

5. (2017全國卷III) It is ______ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.

6. (2017浙江) She noticed a_______ (shine) object.

7. (2017浙江) Sixteen years ________ (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook a meal.

8. (2016全國卷I) The title will be _________(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.

9. (2016全國卷II) Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks_______ (regular).

10. (2016全國卷II) If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify those of _______ (great) and less importance.

11. (2016全國卷III) Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which(gradual) turned into chopsticks.

12. (2016四川) Chinese scientists _________ (recent) had a chance to study a wild panda with a newborn baby.

13. (2016四川) She was a very________ (care) mother.

14. (2015新課標全國卷I) Abercrombie&Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

15. (2015全國新課標II) The adobe dwellings built by the Pueblo Indians of the Americans Southwest are admired by even_______ most modern of architects and engineers.

16. (2015全國新課標II) Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat _______ (slow) during cool nights.

17. (2015全國新課標II) As_______ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly

how thick the adobe walls needed to be make the cycle work on most days.

二、改錯：

1. (2017全國卷I) It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.

2. (2017全國卷II) In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, which is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.

3. (2017全國卷III) I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music and collecting the late music albums.

4. (2016全國卷I) Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady.

5. (2016全國卷I) My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.

6. (2016全國卷III) At one time, I even felt my parent couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.

7. (2016四川) Mom was grateful and moving.

8. (2016浙江) It was both excited and frightening to be up there!

9. (2016全國卷III) They were also the best and worse years in my life.

10. (2015全國新課標I) Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.

11. (2015全國新課標II) Dad and I were terrible worried.

12. (2015浙江) On the left-hand side of the class, I could easy see the football field.

13. (2015湖南) I thought the biscuits were really well.

答案

一、

1. worse;

2. careful;

3. fairly;

4. successful;

5. certainly;

6. shiny/shining;7. earlier;

8. officially;

9. regularly;

10. greater;

11. gradually;

12. recently;

13. caring/careful;

14. regularly;

15. the;

16. slowly;

17. natural

二、

1. suddenly—sudden;

2. interesting—interested;

3. difference—different, late—latest;4. steady—steadily;

5. honest—honesty;

6. freely—free;

7. moving—moved;

8. excited—exciting;

9. worse—worst;

10. seriously—serious;

11. terrible—terribly;

12. easy—easily;

13. well—good

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