博聞：博物館尋寶之旅

楊艷

博物館是城市的靈魂，是歷史文化的寶庫(kù)，也是我們認(rèn)識(shí)過去、把握今天、探索未來的場(chǎng)所。走進(jìn)博物館，如同閱讀一本厚重的歷史教科書。現(xiàn)在，有一種旅行，叫逛博物館。

在博物館里“閱覽”城市

作為文化和旅游融合發(fā)展的產(chǎn)物，博物館兼具歷史溯源、藝術(shù)觀賞、旅游體驗(yàn)等方面的價(jià)值與功能，能夠滿足游客的精神消費(fèi)，提升旅行幸福感。近年來，重慶博物館事業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展，有免費(fèi)開放的，也有以“博物館奇妙夜”等互動(dòng)活動(dòng)吸引大批游客。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，重慶市博物館接待游客量逐年遞增，走進(jìn)博物館正成為越來越多的外地游客“閱覽”重慶的新方式。

現(xiàn)在，重慶已基本形成以中央地方共建國(guó)家級(jí)博物館為龍頭，國(guó)家一二三級(jí)博物館和行業(yè)博物館為骨干，國(guó)有博物館為主體，非國(guó)有博物館為補(bǔ)充的博物館體系。過去一年，重慶登記備案的博物館總數(shù)達(dá)到103家，接待游客逾千萬人次。

值得一提的是，4月中旬，由重慶市文物局選送的重慶自然博物館的《熊貓時(shí)代—揭秘大熊貓的前世今生》和重慶工業(yè)博物館的《百年風(fēng)華—重慶工業(yè)發(fā)展史》，入圍第十七屆（2019年度）全國(guó)博物館十大陳列展覽精品推介終評(píng)項(xiàng)目公示名單。

豐富的文化寶庫(kù)

打開博物館導(dǎo)覽圖，館藏豐富的文化寶庫(kù)就呈現(xiàn)在眼前。重慶的博物館涉及歷史、自然、抗戰(zhàn)、工業(yè)、民俗等多種類型。

重慶中國(guó)三峽博物館是一座集“巴渝文化、三峽文化、大后方抗戰(zhàn)文化、統(tǒng)戰(zhàn)文化、移民文化”等為一體的，收藏、保護(hù)、研究、展示、傳播綜合性省級(jí)博物館，是首批國(guó)家一級(jí)博物館、中央地方共建國(guó)家級(jí)博物館。館藏文物豐富，是旅游重慶必到之地。

坐落于北碚縉云山麓的重慶自然博物館，也是國(guó)家一級(jí)博物館。主要展示地球演變、生命進(jìn)化、生物多樣性以及重慶壯麗山川。以系統(tǒng)收藏中生代各類恐龍化石標(biāo)本為主要特色，深受青少年青睞。

重慶工業(yè)博物館記錄了重慶百余年工業(yè)發(fā)展歷史，是全國(guó)唯一展示抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期工業(yè)西遷歷史的博物館。全面展示了重慶開埠后民族工業(yè)的振興，以及為中國(guó)抗戰(zhàn)、工業(yè)化進(jìn)程、城市化進(jìn)程作出的巨大貢獻(xiàn)。

世界首座水下博物館白鶴梁水下博物館，采用無壓容器對(duì)水下題刻進(jìn)行原址保護(hù)，通過深入水下參觀走廊的視窗，讓游客領(lǐng)略白鶴梁千年歷史人文風(fēng)貌，相當(dāng)震撼。

以紅巖革命歷史博物館為代表，重慶還有一批具有革命歷史館藏特色的博物館。位于南山生態(tài)帶黃山風(fēng)景區(qū)的重慶抗戰(zhàn)遺址博物館，是重慶現(xiàn)存規(guī)模最大、保存最完好的抗戰(zhàn)歷史遺址群。

重慶的博物館具有強(qiáng)烈的地域特色。伴隨著三峽工程文物保護(hù)工作的推進(jìn)，巫山博物館、忠州博物館、夔州博物館等10座庫(kù)區(qū)博物館應(yīng)運(yùn)而生，收藏了豐富的三峽庫(kù)區(qū)出土文物。黔江區(qū)濯水古鎮(zhèn)的“天理良心”文化展覽館以濯水古鎮(zhèn)“誠(chéng)信無價(jià)、一諾千金”的“天理良心”文化為主線，融入人文歷史、商業(yè)文化、民俗非遺、地理風(fēng)光等元素，全方位還原了濯水“天理良心”誠(chéng)信文化，讓游客充分感受到濯水古鎮(zhèn)的純樸民風(fēng)。

作為重慶非國(guó)有博物館的代表之一，重慶建川博物館是抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期國(guó)民政府兵工署第一兵工廠所在地，依托抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期生產(chǎn)武器的防空洞而建成，藏品涵蓋了抗戰(zhàn)、兵工、民俗等類別。

科技讓文博旅游“活”起來

無論是國(guó)有博物館還是非國(guó)有博物館，每一件藏品都記錄著重慶歷史文化的變遷。而互聯(lián)網(wǎng)信息技術(shù)、數(shù)字技術(shù)、虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)、人工智能技術(shù)等科技的興起，又為重慶文博旅游插上了騰飛的翅膀。博物館智慧化，不僅讓文物“活”起來，更促使博物館旅游產(chǎn)品更加豐富，體驗(yàn)方式更加多元化。

想要認(rèn)識(shí)真正的重慶，把博物館作為旅行必到的一站，山水之城的魅力盡在其中。

Reading the cities through museums

As a product of the integration of culture and tourism industry， museums have both the value and function of artistic appreciation， historical tracing， tourism development， and other aspects， and could deliver good cultural experience to and enhance tourists happiness. In recent years， Chongqings museum sector has seen prosperous development， offering various interactive activities， such as free visiting and “nights at museum” to attract tourists. According to statistics， the number of tourists received by museums in Chongqing is increasing year by year. Visiting museums is becoming a new way for more and more tourists to "read" Chongqing.

Chongqing has formed a museum system led by national museums jointly built by the central and the local government， with national first-and second-class museums and professional museums as the backbone， dominated by state-owned museums， and supported by non state-owned museums. In the past year， the total number of registered museums in Chongqing has reached 103， receiving tens of millions of tourists by person times.

The treasure houses rich in culture

Different cultural treasure houses will emerge as one unfolds the map of museums in Chongqing， which are rich in types， covering history， nature， War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression， industry， folk customs and other subjects.

Chongqing China Three Gorges Museum is a comprehensive provincial museum integrating collection， protection， research， display and publicity of the Bayu culture， the Three Gorges culture， the culture of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression， the United Front culture， the immigrant culture， and so on. It is the first batch of first-class national museums in China and national level museums jointly built by the central and local governments. Its rich collection of cultural relics makes it must-visit place for culture lovers.

Located at the foot of Jinyun Mountain in Beibei district， Chongqing Natural History Museum is also a national first-class museum. It mainly displays the evolution of the earth， life， biodiversity and the magnificent mountains and rivers of Chongqing. Featured by a systematic collection of Mesozoic dinosaur fossils and abundant vertebrate specimens in Western China， the museum is well received by a large number of teenagers.

Chongqing Industrial Museum， which has recorded the more than one hundred years industrial development history of Chongqing， is the only museum in the country to show the history of industrial westward migration during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. Its collection fully shows the industrial revitalization of Chongqing after the opening of the Chongqing Port to the outside world， and the great contribution made by Chongqings industry to the War， and the urbanization and industrialization of China.

The Baiheliang Underwater Museum， the world's first underwater museum， uses no-pressure containers to protect the stone inscriptions in situ. Through the highly impressive visit along the underwater corridor， visitors can appreciate the thousands-year history， culture and customs of Baiheliang.

Represented by Hongyan Revolutionary Memorial Museum， there are also a number of museums featuring the revolutionary culture in Chongqings history. The Chongqing Historic Sites Museum of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression， located at the Huangshan scenic area along the Nanshan Mountain ecological belt， is the largest and best-preserved relic cluster recording Chongqings history during the War.

Chongqings museums have strong characteristics. With the launch of the Three Gorges Cultural Relics Protection Project， 10 reservoir area museums， including Wushan Museum， Zhongzhou Museum and Kuizhou Museum， came into being， collecting rich cultural relics unearthed in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.

The cultural exhibition hall of the ancient town of Zhuoshui in Qianjiang district is built on the "moral conscience" culture of the town， which is characterized by "integrity is priceless and promises are invaluable". It integrates the elements of humanistic history， commercial culture， folk customs， scenery， etc. to restore the "moral conscience" culture of Zhuoshui in an all-round way and enable tourists to experience the honest and unsophisticated folk customs of the town.

As one of the representatives of Chongqing's non-state-owned museums， Chongqing Jianchuan Museum used to be the site of the No.1 arsenal of the Ordnance Department of the government of the Republic of China during the War if Resistance against Japanese Aggression. The museum was built on the basis of a bomb shelter that produced weapons during the War. The collections exhibited cover categories including the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression， ordnance， folk customs， etc.

Science and technology bring the culture and museum tourism “back to life”

Be it state-owned museum or non-state-owned museum， each piece of the collection displayed represents the feature of a specific era， and records the changes of Chongqing culture. The Internet information technology， digital technology， virtual reality technology， artificial intelligence technology and other technologies have given Chongqings culture and museum tourism wings. In smart museums， cultural relics not only become more vivid， but also offer more possibilities for tourism products and better experiences for tourists.

If you want to know the real Chongqing， just make the museums as your first stops to explore the charm of the city.