趙萍 鄭軍 劉潔 焦娜娜 楊琨 邢鳳梅


摘要 目的:探討構建急性冠脈綜合征患者居家安全風險評價指標體系,為有效評價提供依據。方法:在查閱相關文獻、質性訪談的基礎上,經小組討論,充分分析急性冠脈綜合征患者居家安全風險因素,以“風險管理理論”和“知信行理論”作為理論框架,形成急性冠脈綜合征患者居家安全風險評價指標體系的條目池。于2019年1月-2月,通過德爾菲法進行專家函詢,采用目的抽樣選取心血管內科醫療及護理領域專家19名,進行2輪咨詢確定評價指標體系。結果:兩輪專家的積極系數分別為100%和95%,經過第一輪專家函詢,增加指標6項、修改5項、刪除7項;第二輪函詢后,一二三級指標均未增減,修改2項,一、二、三級指標的Kendall's W分別為0.229、0.356、0.295(P<0.001),變異系數為0.065-0.138,根據篩選標準,綜合專家函詢意見后,最終形成急性冠脈綜合征患者居家安全風險評價指標體系包括一級指標4個、二級指標10個、三級指標54個。結論:本研究構建的急性冠脈綜合征患者居家安全風險評價指標體系專家意見的協調程度好,具有科學性和實用性。
關鍵詞 急性冠脈綜合征;居家安全風險;德爾菲法
中圖分類號? R541.4? ? 文獻標識碼? B? ? 文章編號? 1671-0223(2020)06-061-05
STUDY ON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF HOME SAFETY RISK EVALUATION INDEX SYSTEM FOR PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME Zhao Ping,Zheng Jun,Liu Jie,et al.Nursing and Rehabilitation College of North China University of Science and Technology,Hebei Tangshan 063210;Tangshan People's Hospital,Tangshan 063000,China
Abstract? Objective To explore the establishment of home safety risk assessment index system for patients with acute coronary syndrome .Methods On the basis of consulting relevant literature and qualitative interviews, the risk factors of home-based safety for patients with acute coronary syndrome were fully analyzed through group discussion, and an entry pool of home-based safety risk assessment index system for patients with acute coronary syndrome was formed with "risk management theory" and "knowledge, faith and behavior theory" as the theoretical framework.From January to February 2019, expert consultation was conducted through the Delphi method, and 19 experts in the field of cardiovascular medicine and nursing were sampled by purpose to determine the evaluation index system through two rounds of consultation.Results The positive coefficients of the two rounds of experts were 100% and 95% respectively. After the first round of expert consultation, 6 indicators were added, 5 indicators were modified and 7 indicators were deleted.After the second round of enquiry, just a little three indexes did not increase or decrease, modify the two, one, two, three indicators of Kendall 's W were 0.229, 0.356, 0.295 (P < 0.001), the variation coefficient is 0.065 ~ 0.138, according to the screening criteria, after comprehensive enquiry for experts, eventually form home security risk evaluation index system in patients with acute coronary syndromes including indicators 4, 10, three-level index 54 secondary indicators.Conclusion The evaluation index system of home safety risk for patients with acute coronary syndrome constructed in this study has a good degree of coordination of expert opinions, which is scientific and practical.
2.5.2 第2輪函詢結果 第2輪函詢結束后,一、二、三級指標均未增減,結合專家意見,修改三級指標2項,“A3.3了解如何預防急性冠脈綜合征復發和其他的心血管事件嗎”修改為“了解如何預防急性冠脈綜合征復發及相關的心血管事件嗎”,“B1.4應該控制體重增長”修改為“應該控制體重”。最終形成急性冠脈綜合征患者居家安全風險評價指標體系一級指標4個、二級指標10個、三級指標54個,見表1。
3討論
3.1急性冠脈綜合征患者居家安全風險評價指標體系內容的可靠性
本研究參與完成2輪函詢問卷的19名心內科的臨床醫護專家在專業領域具有良好的代表性。2輪函詢專家的積極系數分別為100%和95%,說明函詢專家對本研究的積極性較高,關注較多。專家中碩士及以上學歷者13名(68.42%),副高及以上職稱者14名(73.68%),平均工作年限19.32±3.28年,表明函詢專家對本領域研究內容有較豐富的實踐經驗和深厚的理論知識。第1輪函詢中有12名專家提出23條建議,第2輪中有2名專家提出2條文字建議,表明函詢專家對本研究指標的意見趨于一致。此外,本研究兩輪函詢專家的權威系數為0.860和0.866,專家權威系數較高,確保了函詢結果的可靠性。
3.2急性冠脈綜合征患者居家安全風險評估具有實用性
家庭環境安全對于患者康復尤為重要,與在醫療機構中進行康復的患者相比,其居家康復涉及的護理人員更少、更缺乏專業性,造成患者安全問題的外在因素更多,缺乏完善的安全預防和突發事件處理系統[6],危及患者的生命安全。本研究通過半結構式訪談心內科醫護人員并聽取其意見,由相關領域的資深專家在函詢過程中給予可行性評定,多方面保證了評價指標體系的實際可用性。構建的評價指標體系中,涵蓋了防范知識、防范態度、防范行為和社會心理4個維度,能夠較為全面的評估急性冠脈綜合征患者的居家安全風險。Aparan[7]認為能夠控制和管理風險因素的有效途徑即為:根據有效評估結果制定風險應對的措施。重視急性冠脈綜合征患者居家安全風險因素的評估,在危險發生之前,前瞻性采取積極有效的管理方法和干預措施,減少危害患者健康風險的存在,提升患者的居家康復安全指數,提高患者的生活質量水平[8-9]。
4參考文獻
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[2020-03-10收稿]