鐘華 牛宏俠 李翔宇



摘? 要:在鐵路長期演進(jìn)(Long-Term Evolution for Railway, LTE-R)技術(shù)中,基于A3事件的傳統(tǒng)切換算法存在切換成功率不高的問題。文章提出了一種基于信號功率(Reference Signal Received Power, RSRP)的波束賦形切換算法。通過列車在行駛過程中,實時上報的運行信息,使基站在特定的信號功率下,產(chǎn)生波束賦形的增益來保障列車接收到的信號功率始終保持在一個較好的水平。仿真實驗結(jié)果表明,基于信號接收功率與波束賦形輔助的切換算法,讓服務(wù)基站和目標(biāo)基站都可以提供較好的信號接收強度,適當(dāng)?shù)靥崆傲饲袚Q位置,有效地提升了切換的成功概率。
關(guān)鍵詞:鐵路長期演進(jìn);越區(qū)切換;高速鐵路;波束賦形;信號功率
Abstract: In the Long-Term Evolution for Railway (LTE-R) system, the traditional A3 event-based handover algorithm has an issue of low handover success rate. This paper proposes a handover algorithm based on Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) and assisted beamforming, which collects the real-time information through the running train. Thus, the base station can generate a beamforming gain at a specific signal power, thereby ensures that the signal power received by the train is always maintained at a preferable level. The simulation results show that the handover algorithm based on RSRP and assisted beamforming allows both the serving base station and the target base station to provide better signal reception strength, advances the handover location appropriately, and improves the probability of handover success effectively.
1 概述
國際鐵路聯(lián)盟提到,鐵路長期演進(jìn)LTE-R技術(shù)作為下一代鐵路移動通信系統(tǒng)[1]。如何將LTE技術(shù)更好的應(yīng)用于高速鐵路,成為了當(dāng)下的熱門研究方向。LTE-R是基于LTE系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行設(shè)計,雖然LTE-R還未正式商用,但我國已經(jīng)在LTE-R的研究上走在了世界前列[2]。與第二代全球移動通信系統(tǒng)(Second-generation Global System for Mobile Communications GSM-R)相比,LTE-R系統(tǒng)有諸多優(yōu)勢。首先,LTE-R大大提升了通信速率,在20MHz的帶寬下,其上、下行鏈路速率峰值可達(dá)到100Mbit/s和50Mbit/s。其次,LTE-R具有低時延的特點,其操作平面延時不超過100ms,而用戶平面則不超過5ms。除此之外,以O(shè)FDM和MIMO為技術(shù)核心的LTE系統(tǒng),大大提高系統(tǒng)吞吐量,而且能夠向下兼容2G、3G系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行工作[3]。這對系統(tǒng)服務(wù)質(zhì)量與用戶的通信體驗是一個強有力的保證,有效的滿足了現(xiàn)有通信需求。LTE系統(tǒng)由演進(jìn)節(jié)點基站(Evolutionary Node Base Station,eNodeB)、移動管理實體(Mobility Management Entity,MME)和服務(wù)網(wǎng)關(guān)(Serving GateWay,S-GW)構(gòu)成,其中用戶直接與基站相連[4]。……