四川烏頭屬二新種

王文采

(中國科學院植物研究所系統與進化植物學國家重點實驗室，北京 100093)

作者近日在鑒定同事朱相云、張樹仁等先生于2018年在四川橫斷山采集的毛茛科植物標本的過程中，發現了以下烏頭屬二新種。

圖1 細盔烏頭 A.植株全形；B.花瓣；C.雄蕊；D.雌蕊群Fig.1 Aconitum tenuigaleatum A.Habit; B.Petal; C.Stamen; D.Gynoecium(from holotype)

細盔烏頭 圖1

AconitumtenuigaleatumW.T.Wang, sp, nov. Fig.1

[Subgen.Lycoctonum(DC.) Peterm.]

Species nova haec est affinisA.chrysotrichoW. T. Wang, a quo foliorum basalium petiolis longioribus(14-20 cm longis), eorum laminarum lobis centralibus apice 3-dentatis, sepalis extus albo-puberulis, sepalo supero superne tubulare 2-3 mm in diam., petalorum limbis minute calcaratis et apice 2-lobatis differt. InA.chrysotricho, foliorum basalium petioli 3-7.5 cm longi, eorum laminarum lobi centrales 3-lobati cum lobis 1-2-dentatis, sepala extus flavo-puberula, sepalum superum superne crasse tububare 3.5 mm in diam., et petalorum limbi haud calcarati et apice indivisi sunt.

Perennial herb ca. 50 cm tall. Tap root ca 7 cm long, 5 mm across. Stem ca. 37 cm long, 3 mm across, glabrous, 1-leaved. Basal leaves ca. 5, long petiolate; blades papery, reniform, 2.6-4 cm long, 5-8 cm broad, 3-parted slightly exceeding the middle of blade, central primary lobe obtrapeziform, 1.5-2.5 cm broad, on upper margin obtusely 3-dentate, lateral primary lobes larger, flabellate, 3-6 cm broad, unequally 2-lobed, secondary lobes similar to central primary lobe; surfaces adaxially densely appressed-puberulous, abaxially glabrous; petioles 14-20 cm long. Cauline leaf smaller, shortly petiolate. Terminal raceme 8 cm long, 12-flowered, lateral raceme 3.5 cm long, 6-flowered; basal bract foliaceous, 1-2 cm long, other bracts 3-sect or undivided, linear, 5-6 mm long; rachis with pedicels densely spreading-puberulous; pedicels 1-2 cm long, near base minutely 2-bracteolate. Flower: Sepals blue-pruple; upper sepal high-galeate, outside puberulous, inside glabrous, at base cymbiform-ovate, 8-11 mm long, 5 mm broad, above tubular, 8-10 mm long, 2-3 mm in diam.; lateral sepals orbicular-obovate, 8 mm long, 5 mm broad, inside near apex with a few long hairs; lower sepals navicular-oblong, 7 mm long, 3 mm broad. Petals 2, glabrous; claws 9 mm long; limbs broad-linear, 3 mm long, minutely calcarate, at apex 2-lobed. Stamens ca. 15, glabrous; filaments ca. 5 mm long, lanceolate-linear, near apex filirorm; anthers suborbicular, ca. 1 mm diam.Carpels 3; ovaries narrow-oblong, ca. 3 mm long, puberulous; styles ca. 1 mm long, glabrous.

四川(Sichuan)：九龍縣，湯古鄉，獵塔湖(Jiulong Xian,Tanggu Xiang,Lietahu),alt.4 128 m,溪邊濕地，花藍紫色(in wet places by stream,fls.blue-purple),2018-09-10,張樹仁，趙以民，張中帥(S.R.Zhang,Y.M.Zhao & Z.S.Zhang)1682 (holotype,PE，標本條形碼號02293704)。

本種與黃毛烏頭(A.chrysotrichumW.T.Wang)在親緣關系上相近，與后者的區別在于本種的基生葉葉柄較長(長14～20 cm)，其葉片的中央裂片在頂端具3牙齒，萼片外面被白色短柔毛，上萼片上部筒狀，直徑2～3 mm，花瓣瓣片具很小的距，頂端2淺裂。在黃毛烏頭，基生葉的葉柄較短，長3～7.5 cm，其葉片的中央裂片3淺裂，淺裂片具1～2齒，萼片外面被黃色短柔毛，上萼片上部筒狀部分較粗，直徑3.5 mm，花瓣無距，在頂端不分裂[1,2]。

疏葉烏頭 圖2

圖2 疏葉烏頭 A.植株全形；B.花；D.雄蕊；E.雌蕊群Fig.2 Aconitum laxifoliatum A.Habit; B.Flower; C.Petal; D.Stamen; E.Gynoecium(from holotype)

AconitumlaxifoliatumW.T.Wang,sp. nov. Fig.2

(Subgen.Aconitum)

Ob foliorum laminias 3-sectas, earum segmenta dissecta, sepalum superum naviculare species nova haec est affinisA.tongolensiUlbr., a quo foliis secus caulem laxe dispositis, eorum laminis minoribus 1-2.2 cm longis et 1.2-2.4 cm latis, caule glabro, racemo 5-floro, gynoecio ex carpellis 5 constante recedit. InA.tongolensi, folia secus caulem plus minusve dense disposita, eorum laminae majors 7-7.5 cm longae et 5-10 cm latae, caulis puberulus, racemus multi-florus, et gynoecium ex carpellis 3-4 constans est.

Herb ca 60 cm tall. Root tuber and basal leaves not seen. Stem slender, 53 cm long, 2 mm across, below glabrous, above sparsely puberulous, simple, 6-leaved. Lower cauline leaves long, upper ones shortly petiolate; blades papery, orbicular-pentagonal, 1-2.2 cm long, 1.2-2.4 cm broad, at base deep cordate, 3-sect, central segment broad-rhombic, 3-parted, secondary lobes once or twice dissected, lateral segments larger, flabellate, unequally 2-parted, secondary lobes twice or thrice dissected, all ultimate lobes lanceolate-linear or linear, 0.5-1.2 mm broad; surfaces adaxially only near margin sparsely puberulous, abaxially glabrous; petioles 0.4-7 cm long. Raceme terminal, 8 cm long, 5-flowered; lower bracts foliaceous, upper bracts linear; rachis above and pedicels sparsely puberulous; pedicels 0.3-2 cm long, near apex minutely 2-bracteolate. Flower: Sepals blue-purple, glabrous; upper sepal navicular, from base to apex 15 mm long, slightlhy concave, at the middle 4.5 mm broad; lateral sepals obovate, 10 mm long, 5 mm broad; lower sepals oblanceolate, ca. 6 mm long. Petals 2, glabrous; claws 16 mm long; limbs 5 mm long, ca 1 mm broad, at apex truncate, with spurs ca 2 mm long. Stamens ca. 12, glabrous; filaments 6 mm long, below lanceolate-linear, above filiform; anthers suborbicular, 1 mm in diam.Carpels 5; ovaries narrow-oblang, 2.5 mm long, 1 mm broad, sparsely puberulous; styles 1.5-1.8 mm long, glabrous.

四川(Sichuan)：康定縣，折多山，康定機場路(Kangding Xian,Zheduo Shan,Kangding Air port Road),alt.4 187 m,灌叢，花藍紫色(in shrubbery,fls.blue-purple),2018-09-11,張樹仁，趙以民，王健旋(S.R.Zhang,Y.M.Zhao & J.X.Wang) 1766(holotype,PE，標本條形碼號02293706)。

本種的葉片3全裂，全裂片細裂，上萼片船形，因此與也具上述特征的東俄洛烏頭(A.tongolenseUlbr.)在親緣關系上相近，與后者的區別在于本種的葉沿莖稀疏排列，葉片較小，長1.0～2.2 cm，寬1.2～2.4 cm，莖無毛，總狀花序具5花，雌蕊群由5心皮組成。在東俄洛烏頭，葉沿莖多少密集，葉片較大，長5.0～7.5 cm，寬5～10 cm，莖被短柔毛，總狀花序具多數毛，雌蕊群由3～4心皮組成[1～2]。

致謝蒙朱相云教授提供標本，孫英寶先生繪圖并打印稿件，作者在此表示衷心感謝。