文 / 李 健
在工程建設實踐中,變更是施工合同履行過程中的常見現象,變更也是導致對合同價格進行調整的重要因素。鑒于合同變更和調整極易引發(fā)合同履行障礙或爭議,合同關于變更和調整的約定具有重要意義。今天我們來討論FIDIC1999施工合同文本 Conditions?of?Contract?for?Construction 中的 13.?Variations?and?Adjustment“13變更和調整”條款。
原文1:13.1 Right to Vary
Variations?may?be?initiated?by?the?Engineer?at?any?time?prior?to?issuing?the?Taking-Over?Certificate?for?the?Works,?either?by?an?instruction?or?by?a?request?for?the?Contractor?to?submit?a?proposal.
The?Contractor?shall?execute?and?be?bound?by?each?Variation,?unless?the?Contractor?promptly?gives?notice?to?the?Engineer?stating?(with?supporting?particulars)?that?the?Contractor?cannot?readily?obtain?the?Goods?required?for?the?Variation.?Upon?receiving?this?notice,?the?Engineer?shall?cancel,?confirm?or?vary?the?instruction.
Each?Variation?may?include:
(a)?changes?to?the?quantities?of?any?item?of?work?included?in?the?Contract?(however,?such?changes?do?not?necessarily?constitute?a?Variation),
(b)?changes?to?the?quality?and?other?characteristics?of?any?item?of?work,
(c)?changes?to?the?levels,?positions?and/or?dimensions?of?any?part?of?the?Works,
(d)?omission?of?any?work?unless?it?is?to?be?carried?out?by?others,
(e)?any?additional?work,?Plant,?Materials?or?services?necessary?for?the?Permanent?Works,?including?any?associated?Tests?on?Completion,?boreholes?and?other?testing?and?exploratory?work,?or
(f)?changes?to?the?sequence?or?timing?of?the?execution?of?the?Works.
The?Contractor?shall?not?make?any?alteration?and/or?modification?of?the?Permanent?Works,?unless?and?until?the?Engineer?instructs?or?approves?a?Variation.
試譯:13.1 變更權
在頒發(fā)工程接收證書前的任何時間,工程師可以通過發(fā)布指示或以要求承包人提交建議書的方式提出變更。
承包人應當執(zhí)行每項變更并受其約束,除非承包人立即向工程師發(fā)出通知,說明承包人難以取得變更所需的物件(須附具體證明資料)。接到通知后,工程師應當取消、確認或修改指示。
每項變更可以包括:
(1)合同中任何子項工作內容數量的改變(此類改變并不當然構成變更);
(2)任何子項工作質量或其他特性的改變;
(3)工程任何部位標高、位置或尺寸的改變;
(4)任何工作的省略,但將交由他人完成的除外;
(5)任何額外附加的永久工程所需的工作、設備、材料或服務,包括任何相關的竣工檢驗、鉆孔和其他試驗及勘探工作;
(6)工程的實施順序或時間安排的改變。
除非工程師發(fā)出指示或批準變更,在此之前,承包人不得對永久工程作任何改動或修改。
點評:1.這里“變更權Right?to?Vary”子款內容很豐富,具體涉及:第一,誰有權行使變更權發(fā)起initiate變更:the?Engineer;第二,變更權行使的時間有何限制:at?any?time?prior?to?issuing?the?Taking-Over?Certificate?for?the?Works;第三,行使變更權的方式:either?by?an?instruction?or?by?a?request?for?the?Contractor?to?submit?a?proposal;第四,變更對承包人的約束力:The?Contractor?shall?execute?and?be?bound?by?each?Variation;第五,承包人的通知對變更的阻斷:Upon?receiving?this?notice,?the?Engineer?shall?cancel,?confirm?or?vary?the?instruction;……