1種藥肥施用裝置的研究及其在烤煙生產(chǎn)上的應(yīng)用

摘 要：針對(duì)丘陵地區(qū)、山地旱土農(nóng)作物移栽前后人工施肥中存在施肥量不均勻、工作效率低、勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大，以及大農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械設(shè)備受地形條件限制難應(yīng)用等問(wèn)題，研制了1種采用肩負(fù)式蓄電池作為動(dòng)能、集施藥肥與抑芽操作于一體的小型農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械設(shè)備。該設(shè)備由藥肥容器、藥肥輸送泵、輸送管、藥肥施用開(kāi)關(guān)、藥肥施用桿、藥肥施放噴頭及控制板構(gòu)成。該施肥器采用模塊化設(shè)計(jì)，具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單可靠、適用范圍廣、控制精度高、界面友好等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。烤煙田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，該機(jī)具均勻施肥能提高烤煙葉綠素含量，能提高煙葉的產(chǎn)量、產(chǎn)值與質(zhì)量，可以在烤煙及桔園、苗圃等生產(chǎn)中推廣。

關(guān)鍵詞：施藥肥裝置;烤煙;應(yīng)用;定量施肥;肩負(fù)式

中圖分類號(hào)：S572 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A 文章編號(hào)：1006-060X（2019）01-0062-06

Abstract： In view of the shortcomings of uneven fertilization， low work efficiency， high labor intensity and difficult application of large agricultural machinery and equipment due to topographic constraints before crop transplantation in hilly and mountainous dryland areas by artificial fertilization， a small agricultural machinery and equipment with accumulator as kinetic energy， backpack， fertilizer application and bud suppression operation was developed. It consists of a fertilizer container， a fertilizer delivery pump， a conveyor pipe， a fertilizer application switch， a fertilizer application rod， a fertilizer application sprinkler and a control board. The modular design of the fertilizer applicator has the advantages of simple and reliable structure， wide application range， high control precision and friendly interface. The field test results show that the uniform fertilization of the fertilizer applicator can improve the chlorophyll content of flue-cured tobacco leaves and the yield， output value and quality of tobacco leaves. It can be popularized in the production of flue-cured tobacco， orange orchards and nurseries.

Key words： fertilizer device; flue-cured tobacco; application; quantitative fertilization; shoulder type

隨著卷煙行業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展壯大，優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉供應(yīng)不足、等級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)不合理、煙葉資源使用效率低等問(wèn)題日益突出[1]。目前煙草生產(chǎn)中的許多農(nóng)事操作主要靠人工完成。在移栽和施肥上，沒(méi)有定根肥水、肥料溶液施用器械，一般用水壺或水瓢澆施定根肥水或肥料溶液;在施用抑芽劑方面，也沒(méi)有專用的抑芽劑施用器械，大部分是使用自制的塑料瓶進(jìn)行淋施，僅有不能顯示數(shù)字且不能定量的噴霧器施用農(nóng)藥時(shí)使用;針對(duì)煙苗整齊性問(wèn)題，前人嘗試過(guò)膜下移栽研究[2-4]，在煙苗的移栽過(guò)程中，由于煙苗小、根系較脆弱，既要保證煙苗根部不被肥料所燒傷，又要避免肥料的浪費(fèi)，因此，煙葉施肥移栽的機(jī)械化實(shí)現(xiàn)有一定的困難[5-9]。……