摘 要:為了實(shí)現(xiàn)湖南油桃生產(chǎn)的優(yōu)質(zhì)、高產(chǎn)、高效,通過(guò)對(duì)優(yōu)良品種及園地的選擇、設(shè)施選擇、桃苗定植、幼樹(shù)期桃園的管理、豐產(chǎn)期桃園管理、病蟲(chóng)害防治、采收與采后管理等關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的研究,調(diào)整湖南油桃生產(chǎn)周期,實(shí)現(xiàn)提早上市,延長(zhǎng)供應(yīng)期。系統(tǒng)闡述湖南油桃設(shè)施栽培集成技術(shù),為湖南省油桃的設(shè)施栽培提供技術(shù)參考。
關(guān)鍵詞:油桃;45°角扇形密植模式;設(shè)施栽培
中圖分類號(hào):S662.1 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):1006-060X(2019)01-0052-04
Abstract: In order to achieve high quality, high yield and high efficiency of nectarine production in Hunan Province, the key technologies of nectarine production in Hunan Province were studied, including the selection of fine varieties and orchards, the selection of facilities, the management of peach orchards at the seedling stage, the management of peach orchards at the high-yield stage, pest control, harvesting and post-harvest management, to adjust the production cycle of nectarine in Hunan Province so as to achieve early market and prolong the supply period. The integrated technology of nectarine protected cultivation in Hunan Province was systematically elaborated to provide technical reference for nectarine protected cultivation in Hunan Province.
Key words: nectarine; 45 degree fan-shaped dense planting mode; protected cultivation
油桃(Prunus Persica var. nectarine),是普通桃的變種,源產(chǎn)于中國(guó)。與普通桃相比,由于其果皮光潔無(wú)毛、外型美觀、食用方便、品質(zhì)上乘而深受廣大消費(fèi)者喜愛(ài)。油桃對(duì)環(huán)境的適用性較強(qiáng),采用設(shè)施栽培模式可實(shí)現(xiàn)油桃的提早上市,獲得較高的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益[1]。目前油桃設(shè)施栽培已在安徽、山東、北京等地形成較大規(guī)模,但在湖南沒(méi)有成熟系統(tǒng)的設(shè)施栽培技術(shù),且發(fā)展面積較少。自2014年以來(lái),項(xiàng)目組在湘西鳳凰縣等地引進(jìn)油桃品種進(jìn)行設(shè)施栽培示范并獲得成功。現(xiàn)將其主要栽培技術(shù)措施總結(jié)歸納,為實(shí)現(xiàn)湖南油桃生產(chǎn)的優(yōu)質(zhì)、高產(chǎn)、高效做出貢獻(xiàn)。
1 品種及園地的選擇
油桃栽培能否成功,品種選擇是關(guān)鍵。首先,由于湖南位于長(zhǎng)江以南,冬季溫度比北方高,春季來(lái)得早且氣溫回升快,因此大棚油桃應(yīng)選擇低需冷量的早中熟品種為宜。其次,根據(jù)設(shè)施大棚的特殊栽培環(huán)境要求,盡量選擇易座果、適應(yīng)性好、抗性強(qiáng)、生長(zhǎng)勢(shì)中庸的品種。第三,由于大棚油桃主要用于鮮食,考慮到市場(chǎng)需求,應(yīng)選擇果實(shí)大、果型整齊、色澤鮮艷、品質(zhì)優(yōu)良、耐貯運(yùn)的品種[2]。……