柑橘木虱在湖南發生規律的初步研究

劉慧 何利庭 龔碧涯

摘 要：于2018年調查了湖南省江永縣柑橘園的柑橘木虱種群發生動態，并在防蟲網室內觀察了柑橘木虱的生活史和習性。結果表明：椪柑園和夏橙園的柑橘木虱種群數量較高，香柚園的則相對較低;果園抽梢期柑橘木虱發生嚴重程度，椪柑園表現為夏梢>秋梢>春梢，夏橙園表現為秋梢>春梢>夏梢，香柚園則主要在春梢和秋梢期發生;失管或管理不當果園的柑橘木虱種群數量遠大于正常管理的果園;若持續有寄主新梢，柑橘木虱在湖南地區一年可完成10個世代，卵—若蟲的歷期通常為15～26 d，在甜橙和九里香上的發育歷期無顯著差異。綜合柑橘木虱的生物學特性和柑橘的栽培特點，一年中有2個防治柑橘木虱的重要時間點，分別在冬季和夏季。

關鍵詞：柑橘木虱;種群動態;生活史;習性;湖南

中圖分類號：S433.3文獻標識碼：A文章編號：1006-060X（2019）10-0049-04

Abstract： The field population dynamics of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama （Hemiptera： Liviidae） was investigated in Jiangyong county， Hunan province in 2018. The life history and behavior habits of D. citri were observed in artificial net-room. The results showed that in ponkan and summer orange orchards the population density of D. citri ?was high， while in sweet pomelo orchard it was relatively low. The order of occurrence severity of D. citri at shoot phase was summer shoot period > autumn shoot period > spring shoot period in ponkan orchard， autumn shoot period > spring shoot period > summer shoot period in summer orange orchard. D. citri occurred mainly in spring shoot and autumn shoot periods in sweet pomelo orchard. The population density of D. citri in neglected orchards was much higher than that of orchards under normal management. If there are persistent host shoots， D. citri can complete 10 generations of development in a year in Hunan. The total developmental duration from eggs to nymphs is 15 to 26 days， which has no significant difference between sweet orange and Murraya exotica L.. According to biological habits of D. citri and cultivation characteristics of citrus， winter and summer are two important time points to control D. citri during the year.

Key words： Diaphorina citri; population dynamics; life history; habits; Hunan

亞洲柑橘木虱（Diaphorina citri Kuwayama）屬于半翅目扁木虱科，是蕓香科（Rutaceae）植物的主要害蟲[1]。柑橘木虱的若蟲和成蟲均為刺吸式口器，成蟲在柑橘的嫩梢、新老葉片、莖等部位取食，若蟲僅吸取嫩梢汁液。柑橘木虱若蟲的排泄物稱為“蜜露”，可誘發煤煙病。柑橘木虱作為柑橘生產中重點防治對象的主要原因是其可傳播柑橘毀滅性病害——黃龍病[2]。

目前，柑橘黃龍病尚無有效的治療方法。普遍認為，在無毒苗的基礎上，控制好柑橘木虱是遏制黃龍病蔓延的最有效方法[3-4]。

亞洲柑橘木虱為耐熱型[5]，自20世紀初入侵我國大陸后，在廣西、廣東、福建、浙江等地區廣泛分布，在江西、湖南、四川、貴州等省的南部地區也有報道[4]。隨著全球……