耒陽市烤煙主要生育期與氣象因素的相關性分析

周孚美 陳小虎 劉波

摘 要：氣象條件對烤煙生產有著顯著的影響，在調查匯總14 a耒陽市烤煙田間主要生育期數據基礎上，結合歷年氣象數據，經相關分析：烤煙移栽期和終烤期的遲早分別與育苗和大田期間的日平均氣溫、有效積溫、日照時數呈負相關，與降雨量呈正相關;而現蕾期的出現遲早則與1—3月的氣溫、積溫、日照呈正相關，與降雨量呈負相關。以上結果表明，在烤煙生長季節隨著氣溫和光照增加而加速生長發育進度，而2月低溫寡照氣象條件下具有誘導提前進入現蕾期的作用，加快生殖生長進度而造成烤煙早花問題。因此，在育苗期間的2月要采取增溫補光措施，確保煙苗不受低溫寡照天氣影響，為當季烤煙生產奠定良好的基礎。

關鍵詞：烤煙;生育期;氣象因素;相關分析;耒陽

中圖分類號：S572+S161文獻標識碼：A文章編號：1006-060X（2019）10-0024-05

Abstract： Meteorological conditions have a significant impact on the production of flue-cured tobacco. Based on meteorological data over years and the data of main growth period in flue-cured tobacco fields of Leiyang City for 14 years， the correlation analysis showed that the drift of transplanting period and final baking period was negatively correlated with daily mean temperature， effective accumulated temperature and sunshine hours during the nursery and field periods， and positively correlated with rainfalls; the emergence of the bud stage was positively correlated with temperature， accumulated temperature and sunshine in January-March， and negatively correlated with rainfalls. The above results indicate that the growth and development progress is accelerated with the increase of temperature and illumination during the growing season of flue-cured tobacco; while the meteorological conditions of low temperature and less sunshine in February will result in an early entry into the bud stage and accelerate the reproductive growth progress， causing the early flowering problem. Therefore， in February during the nursery period， measures should be taken to increase the temperature and light to ensure that the tobacco seedlings are not affected by the low temperature and scant lighting weather， which lays a good foundation for the production of flue-cured tobacco in the current season.

Key words： flue-cured tobacco; growth period; meteorological factors; correlation analysis; Leiyang

耒陽市屬亞熱帶季風濕潤氣候區，具有典型的丘陵盆地氣候特點，溫、光、水資源豐富，年平均氣溫18℃，日平均氣溫≥10℃的活動積溫為5 687 ℃，無霜期289 d，年平均日照為1 514 h，平均降水量1 374.7 mm[1]，適宜烤煙的生長發育，多年的生產實際表明，年度之間的氣象條件差異性往往對烤煙生產造成顯著影響，特別是溫光水等氣象因素直接影響到烤煙的生長發育進度。為探索耒陽市氣象要素對烤煙生長發育的影響程度，預測烤煙主要生育期，及時制定田間管理措施，減少不利氣象條件的影響程度，開展了氣象要素與烤煙生育期的相關性研究。

1 材料與方法