不同季節黃化英紅九號紅茶品質比較分析

李波　黃華林　陳欣　陳海強　馬成英　陳維　喬小燕

摘要：為進一步了解黃化英紅九號茶樹的品種特性，本研究對不同季節（春、夏、秋三季）生產的黃化英紅九號紅茶的生化成分進行測定并分析。結果表明：不同萎凋處理的黃化英紅九號紅茶茶多酚含量以春季最低，為3.81%～8.13%;游離氨基酸和咖啡堿含量季節間較為穩定，分別處于2.5%～3.5%、3.0%～4.0%之間;可溶性糖含量在秋季紅茶中最高;簡單兒茶素和復雜兒茶素均以春茶保留率最低;茶黃素、茶紅素含量以夏茶最高;茶褐素含量以春茶最高。主成分分析表明黃化英紅九號春季紅茶品質區別于夏秋茶，且夏秋紅茶品質接近。

關鍵詞：黃化英紅九號;品質分析;主成分分析

中圖分類號：S571.101文獻標識號：A文章編號：1001-4942（2019）10-0060-05

Comparative Analysis of Black Tea Quality of Yellowish Yinghong 9 Made in Different Seasons

Li Bo， Huang Hualin， Chen Xin， Chen Haiqiang， Ma Chengying， Chen Wei， Qiao Xiaoyan

（Tea Research Institute， Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of

Tea Plant Resources Innovation & Utilization， Guangzhou 510640， China）

Abstract The analysis was undertaken on chemical components of the black tea made by Yellowish Yinghong 9 for better understanding its characteristics. The results showed that the tea polyphenol content was the lowest in the black tea made with spring shoots， ranging from 3.81% to 8.13%. The contents of free amino acids and caffeine remained stable between the tea made in different seasons at 2.5%～3.5% and 3.0%～4.0%， respectively. The soluble sugar was the highest in the black tea made with autumn buds. The two kinds of catechins were the lowest in the black tea made in spring. The contents of theaflavins and thearubigins were the highest in the black tea made with summer shoots， but the theabrownin content was the highest in that made with spring shoots. Based on principal component analysis， the quality of the black tea made with spring shoots was unique from that made in summer and autumn， and the others had the similar biochemical characteristics.

Keywords Yellowish Yinghong 9; Quality analysis; Principal component analysis

英紅九號作為英德紅茶的重要代表，2018年省內種植面積超過8 000 hm2。2010年獲得全年新梢為黃色的英紅九號新種質。研究表明黃化英紅九號具有與英紅九號迥異的品種特性[1，2]。萎凋是紅茶加工的第一道工序，也是重要的基礎工序，萎凋過程中不僅發生物理變化[3]，同時也伴隨著化學變化[4-6]。目前，已研究出很多新的萎凋技術并應用于生產[7-10]，但萎凋程度對紅茶品質的影響同樣重要[11，12]。因此，本研究以黃化英紅九號為材料，于春、夏、秋三季采摘茶葉進行不同時間的萎凋處理，測定并分析不同處理下茶葉的理化成分，以期為探明茶葉品質、正確認識茶樹品種特性以及合理開發提供參考。

1 材料與方法

1.1 試驗材料

試驗于2017年7月至2018年4月在廣東省農業科學院茶葉研究所英德基地開展，茶樹品種為黃化英紅九號，采摘標準為一芽二葉。……