《射雕英雄傳》英譯中的誤譯及歸因

陳環 安徽建筑大學城市建筑學院 238076

2017年歲末,英國Maclehose Press出版了《射雕英雄傳》的首部英譯本.2018年2月,第一卷《英雄誕生》(A Hero Born)發售,譯者為郝玉青(Anna Holmwood).郝玉青曾在牛津大學學習中文并取得中文系碩士學位,之后旅居中國多年.郝玉青根據金庸在2002年的"新修版"《射雕英雄傳》翻譯而成,譯文覆蓋原著前九章.

筆者比照閱讀了中英兩個版本,發現譯者誤譯約有七十多處.經整理分析,筆者認為譯者誤譯的原因有三.第一,粗心大意導致誤譯;第二,譯者對帶有中國特有文化的詞語理解有誤,導致誤譯;第三,譯者對原文理解有誤.但是這樣的譯法會造成一種源語文化的損失,也是對原作精神和內涵的一種偏離.有意識誤譯,雖然考慮了目的語讀者的文化接受和認同,卻也造成了文化意象的缺失.

現就誤譯情況舉例說明分析.

1.粗心大意導致誤譯

1.1 原文:楊鐵心叫道:"韓丞相專害無辜好人,誰不知道?我們可不上這個當."(P29)

譯文:" The court at Lin'an only knows how to harass innocent citizens. Everyone knows that!" Guo called back. "We're not falling for that lie!"(P31)

人名譯錯,許是譯者無心之過,但此處實際上對人物性格刻畫極為重要.楊鐵心個性易沖動,說話無遮攔,當面頂撞甚至辱罵丞相是個性使然,而郭嘯天更忠厚老實,說話更圓通講理.此處誤譯影響人物性格的統一性,不利于目的語讀者對人物的理解.

1.2 原文:只見那窮酸喝了一口酒,搖頭擺腦的吟道:"不義之財……放他過,……玉皇大帝……發脾氣!"口中高吟,伸手從懷里掏出一錠錠金銀,整整齊齊的排在桌上,一共掏出八錠銀子,兩錠金子.(P53)

譯 文:Second Brother took a swig of wine and began reciting a poem, his head swaying from side to side as the words dipped and soared: "Ill-gotten gains, let them go, For the Jade Emperor is about to blow!" He reached into his shirt and removed ingot after ingot, laying them out neatly on the table.Eight gold, two silver.(P60)

譯者無心之過.對情節發展并無影響.原文后文也未提及郭靖所持具體銀兩數目.

1.3 原文:這般大跑了兩個時辰,郭靖才收韁下馬稍息,然后上馬又跑,再過一個多時辰,忽見遠處草原上黑壓壓的列著三隊騎兵,瞧人數是三個千人隊.(P202)

譯 文:Three hours had passed when he spotted three ranks lined up further ahead. There must have been at least three thousand men.(P238)

中文里古時一個時辰是現在的兩個小時,此處應為six hours.但譯者在其他幾處時辰的翻譯無誤,可知譯者知道這一中文中的常識.因此這里的誤譯是無心之過.

2.譯者對中文特色詞語的理解有誤

2.1 原文:先一人道:"瞧你這副色迷迷的樣兒,小心小王爺砍掉你的腦袋.這個姑娘么,相貌雖美,可還不及咱們王妃."另一人道:"這種風塵女子,你怎么拿來跟王妃比?"先一人道:"王妃,你道她出身又……"說到這里,忽然住口,咳嗽了兩聲,轉口道……(P287)

譯文:"Watch that the Prince doesn't hear your dirty talk, or he'll cut your head off! She may be pretty, but she's got nothing on the Consort." "That lowly country girl? Of course she's got nothing on the Consort." "But I thought you said the Consort came from-"He suddenly stopped and coughed.(P335)

中文中"道"有多種解釋,新華字典中給出其作動詞時意為"以為".原文意思是,你以為王妃的出身又(有多高貴嗎?)譯者將"道"理解為"說道",因此譯錯.

2.2 原文:王處一哈哈大笑,說道:"你義俠心腸,我喜歡得緊,哪會怪你?"(P264)

譯文:Wang Chuyi responded with a hearty burst of laughter. "You are a courteous and humble young man,just to my liking! Why would I be angry?"(P306)

"義俠"二字正是武俠小說甚至中國傳統文化的重要元素.這里"義俠心腸",放在原文語境中實指比武招親時郭靖為穆易父女行俠仗義一事,王處一稱贊郭靖正直且熱心助人,并非是譯文中為人謙遜的意思,應譯作"righteous and obliging".

2.3.原文:完顏康走到她身邊,拉住她手道:"媽,你又不舒服了么?"那女子嘆了口氣道:"還不是為你耽心?"完顏康靠在她身邊,笑道:"兒子不是好好地在這里么?又沒少了半個腳趾頭."說話神情,全是在撒嬌.(P291)

譯 文:Wanyan Kang walked up to his mother and touched her on the arm. "Ma, are your feeling unwell again?" The woman sighed. "I worried about you so,"she said. Wanyan Kang leaned in closer and smiled."But look, your son is here now. And he's all in one piece, isn't he?" His behavior struck the two onlookers as most arrogant and unfilial.(P339)

"撒嬌",《新華詞典》的解釋為表現出被寵愛的樣子.完顏康被母親包惜弱嬌慣寵溺,此時母子聊天,母慈子孝,氛圍親密.并非譯文中驕橫無禮.這是譯者對這一具有中國文化特征的詞語的誤解.