2，6-二(1-咪唑基)萘和二羧酸構(gòu)筑的金屬-有機框架化合物：合成、晶體結(jié)構(gòu)和熒光識別性能

劉志強 曹師虎 張 哲 武峻峰 趙 越 孫為銀＊,

(1安慶師范大學(xué)化學(xué)化工學(xué)院，光電磁功能材料安徽省重點實驗室，光電磁功能配合物和納米配合物安徽省重點實驗室，安慶 246011)(2南京大學(xué)化學(xué)化工學(xué)院，配位化學(xué)國家重點實驗室，南京 210023)

0 Introduction

The research field of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)has undergone rapid development in the past decade.Benefiting from their fascinating structures,large surface areas,tunable pore size and abundant active sites,MOFs have been extensively investigated in the fields of gas adsorption/separation,magnetism,sensing and detection,catalysis and so on[1-11].Despite the great progress achieved,it is still remarkable challenge for fabrication of desired MOFs,since the formation of MOFs can be affected by varied factors including the nature of organic ligand and metal center,reaction conditions such pH,solvent and temperature.Our previous studies have shown that organic compounds with 1H-imidazol-1-yl groups are versatile ligands for the construction of MOFs with definite structures and properties[12-16].On the other hand,with the rapid development of industry and the social activities of human beings,the efficient detection of small organic molecules is important in the environmental and biological systems[17-20].

Based on the above mentioned background,we focused our attention on reactions of a new designed bis(1H-imidazol-1-yl)ligand 2,6-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)naphthalene(L)and Co（Ⅱ）salts with different dicarboxylic acids.In this work,three new MOFs[Co(L)(AIP)]·2DMF(1)，[Co(L)(AIP)]·DMF(2)and[Co(L)(IDC)(H2O)2]·0.5L·H2O(3)(H2AIP=5-aminoisophthalic acid,H2IDC=4,4′-iminodibenzoic acid,DMF=N,N-dimethylformamide)were successfully synthesized.The MOFs were characterized by X-ray crystallography,IR spectroscopy,elemental and thermal analyses.In addition,luminescence studies reveal that MOF 3 is a responsive luminescent probe for detecting acetone molecules.

1 Experimental

1.1 Materials and methods

All commercially available chemicals and solvents are of reagent grade and were used as received without further purification.Ligand L was synthesized by similar method reported in the literature[21].FT-IR spectra were recorded in a range of 400～4 000 cm-1on a Bruker Vector 22 FT-IR spectrometer using KBr pellets.Thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)was performed on a Mettler-Toledo(TGA/DSC1)thermal analyzer under nitrogen atmosphere with a heating rate of 10℃·min-1.Powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD)patterns were obtained on a Bruker D8 Advance diffractometer using Cu Kα (λ=0.154 18 nm)in 2θrange of 5°～50°at 293 K,in which the X-ray tube was operated at 40 kV and 40 mA.Photoluminescence spectra were measured on an Aminco Bowman Series 2 spectrofluorometer with a xenon arc lamp as the light source.In the measurements of emission and excitation spectra,the pass width was 5 nm.

1.2 Synthesis of MOFs 1～3

1.2.1 Synthesis of 1

A mixture of L(14.3 mg,0.05 mmol),Co(NO3)2·6H2O (29.1 mg,0.1 mmol)and H2AIP (9.1 mg,0.05 mmol)in DMF/H2O(10 mL,3∶1,V/V)was sealed in a glass vial and heated at 90℃for 3 days.The resulting purple block crystals were collected in 81%yield based on L.Elemental analysis Calcd.for C30H31N7O6Co(%):C 55.90,H 4.85,N 15.21;Found(%):C 55.62,H 4.93,N 15.29.Selected IR peaks (cm-1,Fig.S1 in Supportinginformation):3 443(w),3 138(w),2 883(w),1 665(s),1 576(s),1 510(m),1 352(s),1 253(s),1 098(m),986(m),946(m),733(m),611(m),504(w).

1.2.2 Synthesis of 2

MOF 2 was obtained by the same procedure as that used for preparation of 1,except that DMF/H2O(10 mL,1∶3,V/V)was used instead of DMF/H2O(10 mL,3∶1,V/V).After being cooled to room temperature,pink block crystals of 2 were isolated in 58%yield based on L.Elemental analysis Calcd.for C27H24N6O5Co(%):C 56.75,H 4.23,N 14.71;Found(%):C 56.67,H 4.31,N 14.75.Selected IR peaks(cm-1,Fig.S1):3 335(m),2 918(w),1 672(s),1 586(s),1 436(m),1 388(s),1 247(s),1 056(m),932(m),831(s),792(s),720(s),615(m).

1.2.3 Synthesis of 3

MOF 3 was achieved by the same procedure used for preparation of 2,except that H2IDC(12.9 mg,0.05 mmol)was used instead of H2AIP.After being cooled to room temperature,pink block crystals of 3 were isolated in 76%yield based on L.Elemental analysis Calcd.for C38H33N7O7Co(%):C 60.16,H 4.38,N 12.92;Found(%):C60.09,H 4.43,N 12.89.Selected IRpeaks(cm-1,Fig.S1):3 408(m),3 139(m),1 597(s),1 506(s),1 372(s),1 311(s),1 110(w),1 053(m),928(w),813(w),730(w),653(m),474(w).

1.3 Crystallographic data collection and refinement

Crystallographic data for 1～3 were collected on a Bruker Smart ApexⅡCCD with graphite monochromated Mo Kα radiation source(λ=0.071 073 nm).The integration of the diffraction data as well as the intensity corrections for the Lorentz and polarization effects were carried out using the SAINT program[22].Semi-empirical absorption correction was applied using SADABSprogram[23].The structures of 1～3 were determined by direct methods and refined anisotropically on F2by the full-matrix least-squares technique with SHELXTL-2016 program package[24-25].The hydrogen atoms except for those of water molecules were generated geometrically and refined isotropically using the riding model.The crystal data and structure refinements for the MOFs are listed in Table 1.Selected bond lengths and angles are listed in Table S1,and the hydrogen bonding data are given in Table S2.

CCDC:1949785,1;1949786,2;1949787,3.

Table 1 Crystal data and structure refinements for complexes 1～3

2 Results and discussion

2.1 Crystal structures of 1～3

2.1.1 Crystal structure of 1

The single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that MOF 1 crystallizes in monoclinic C2/c spacegroup.Theasymmetric unit containshalf molecule of[Co(L)(AIP)]·2DMF,namely one Co（Ⅱ） located at specific position with site occupancy of 0.5,half L,half deprotonated AIP2-and one free DMF molecule.As exhibited in Fig.1a,Co1 is four-coordinated by two N atoms (N1,N1A)from two different L and two carboxylate O ones(O1,O1A)from two distinct AIP2-ligands,forming a distorted{CoO2N2}tetrahedral coordination geometry.The Co-N and Co-O bond lengths are 0.203 29(19)and 0.198 37(15)nm,respectively.Thecoordination angles around Co1 arefrom96.41(9)°to 118.25(7)°(Table S1).It is noteworthy that each L links two Co（Ⅱ）to form an infinite 1D zigzag chain(Fig.1b),and each AIP2-connects two Co（Ⅱ）using its two carboxylate groupseach with (μ1-η1∶η0)-(μ1-η1∶η0)-AIP2-coordination mode (Scheme 1a)to give another 1D chain (Fig.1c).Then,two kinds of 1D chains cross-link together via the coordination of Co（Ⅱ）to generate a 1D chain of 1 (Fig.1d),which is further extended into a 3D supramolecular architecture through O-H…O and N-H…O hydrogen bonding interactions(Fig.1e and Table S2).

Scheme 1 Coordination modes of AIP2-and IDC2-in 1～3

2.1.2 Crystal structure of 2

MOF 2 was isolated under the same conditions as 1,except the change of volume ratio of DMF and H2O.The X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that MOF 2 crystallizes in triclinic P1 space group.There are one Co（Ⅱ）,one L,one completely deprotonated AIP2-and one free DMF molecule in the asymmetric unit of 2.As shown in Fig.2a,Co1 is six coordinated with seriously distorted octahedral coordination geometry.In addition,the Co（Ⅱ）ions in 1 have N2O2coordination environments (Fig.1a),while the ones in 2 are surrounded by N2O4donor sets (Fig.2a).On the other hand,the AIP2-adopts aμ3-bridging mode to connect three metal ions using its two carboxylate groups with(μ1-η1∶η1)-(μ2-η1∶η1)-AIP coordination mode(Scheme 1b).Ligands AIP2-link Co（Ⅱ）ions to form a 1D chain(Fig.2b).The Co（Ⅱ）-AIP2-1D chains are further connected by Co(Ⅱ)-L 1D chain(Fig.2c)to generate a 2D network (Fig.2d),which is further extended into a 3D supramolecular architecture through hydrogen bonding interactions(Fig.2e and Table S2).

Fig.1 (a)Coordination environment of Co（Ⅱ）in 1 with the ellipsoids drawn at 30%probability level;(b)1D chain of Co（Ⅱ）-L in 1;(c)1D chain of Co（Ⅱ）-AIP2-in 1;(d)1D chain of 1;(e)3D structure of 1 with hydrogen bonds indicated by dashed lines

Fig.2 (a)Coordination environment of Co（Ⅱ）in 2 with the ellipsoids drawn at 30%probability level;(b)1D chain of Co（Ⅱ）-L in 2;(c)1D chain of Co（Ⅱ）-AIP2-in 2;(d)2D network of 2;(e)3D structure of 2 with hydrogen bonds indicated by dashed lines

2.1.3 Crystal structure of 3

Fig.3 (a)Coordination environment of Co（Ⅱ）in 3 with the ellipsoids drawn at 30%probability level;(b)Dinuclear SBU in 3;(c)1D chain constructed by Co（Ⅱ）and L;(d)3D structure of 3 with hydrogen bonds indicated by dashed lines

When H2IDC instead of H2AIP was used under the same reaction conditions as those for preparation of 2,MOF 3 was generated.As illustrated in Fig.3a,Co1 ion is six-coordinated with distorted octahedral coordination geometry surrounded by two nitrogen atoms(N1,N4A)fromtwodifferent Land threeoxygen ones(O5,O5D,O6)from coordinated aqua molecules and another carboxylate oxygen (O1)from IDC2-.It can be seen that Co1 and Co1D are connected together through two coordinated aqua molecules to form a dinuclear cluster,which can be treated as a secondary building unit(SBU)(Fig.3b).The Co1-N bond lengths are 0.214 77(19)and 0.215 56(18)nm and Co1-O ones are in a range of 0.203 35(17)～0.224 37(16)nm.The range of coordination angles around Co1 is from 79.27(6)°to 176.80(7)°(Table S1).L ligands link Co（Ⅱ）ions to from an infinite 1D chain (Fig.3c).It is noteworthy that IDC2-acts as a terminal ligand in a monodentate linkage mode (Scheme 1c).The 1D chains are further extended into a three-dimensional(3D)supramolecular architecture through hydrogen bonding interactions(Fig.3d and Table S2).

2.2 Powder X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analyses

The purity for the as-synthesized samples was ensured by PXRD measurements and the results are provided in Fig.S2.Each as-synthesized sample gave consistent PXRD pattern with the corresponding simulated one,implying the pure phase of 1～3.

Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) were employed to check the thermal stabilities of 1～3,and the TG curves are given in Fig.S3.For 1,a weight of loss of 22.36%was found before 270℃due to the removal of two lattice DMF molecules(Calcd.22.68%),and further weight loss started from about 330℃.Complex 2 lost its 12.12%weight in a temperature range of 30～370 °C,due to the departure of lattice DMF molecule (Calcd.12.79%),and further weight loss was observed at about 420℃,corresponding to the collapse of the framework.In the case of 3,a weight loss of 6.92%was detected in a temperature range of 30～200 ℃,which is ascribed to the loss of free and coordinated aqua molecules(Calcd.7.16%).The framework of 3 collapsed from about 310℃.

2.3 Luminescent experiments

The emission spectra of MOF 3 and free ligand L were investigated at definite excitation wavelength as illuminated in Fig.S4.Intense emission was observed with a peak at 361 nm (λex=324 nm)for L,which is assigned toπ*→π intraligand fluorescence,and 3 exhibits an emission at 362 nm (λex=292 nm).The emissions of MOF 3 may be attributed to a joint contribution of theπ*→π intraligand transitions and charge transfer transitions between the L and Co（Ⅱ）[26-27].

To examine the effects of different small organic molecules on the luminescence of MOF 3,a finely ground sample of 3 in different solvents,including C2H5OH,DMF,DMA(N,N-dimethylacetamide),CH3OH,benzene,CH2Cl2,CHCl3,THF,CH3CN and acetone,were prepared and the luminescence properties were investigated.As shown in Fig.4,the stable suspension of 3 in C2H5OH showed the strongest emission and acetone gave the most significant quenching effect.The quenching efficiency of 3 dispersed in C2H5OH suspension with different amount of acetone was also investigated.As exhibited in Fig.5,a gradual decrease of the emission intensity was observed upon the increasing addition of acetone. The quenching behavior of the acetone molecule might be ascribed to theinteraction between C=Oacetone and theframework of 3[28-30]. Thus,3 can be considered as a potential candidate for selective sensing of acetone molecules.

Fig.4 Photoluminescence intensities introduced into varied pure solvent upon excitation at 292 nm for 3

Fig.5 Photoluminescence spectra of the dispersed 3 in C2H5OH in the presence of varied contents of acetone solvent

3 Conclusions

In summary,three new MOFs[Co(L)(AIP)]·2DMF(1)， [Co(L)(AIP)]·DMF(2)and[Co(L)(IDC)(H2O)2]·0.5L·H2O(3)were successfully synthesized by using mixed ligands.MOFs 1～3 displayed diverse structures:1 and 3 are 1D chains,and 2 is 2D network,which are further linked together by hydrogen bonds to give eventual 3D architectures.Furthermore,the thermal stability and photoluminescence property of the MOFs were investigated,and 3 can be regarded as candidate for the selective sensing of acetone.

Supporting information is available at http://www.wjhxxb.cn