福建海域短蛸性腺基本營養成分分析

馮曉梅　鐘宏　劉楚怡　李八方

摘要 [目的]分析福建海域短蛸性腺基本營養成分。[方法]以福建海域的短蛸為研究對象，對其雌雄性腺分別進行營養成分和氨基酸組分分析與評價。[結果]雌性性腺的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗多糖含量分別為73.40%、6.72%、8.14%，雄性性腺中分別為75.70%、11.96%、2.38%;氨基酸分析表明必需氨基酸和支鏈氨基酸含量雌性中分別為25.71%和15.05%，雄性中分別為20.29%和10.60%。牛磺酸、亮氨酸、賴氨酸在雌性性腺組織中含量分別為6.87%、5.26%和2.51%，雄性中分別為4.66%、4.55%和4.26%，與同類的水產生物相比，均含量比較高。[結論]短蛸性腺是優質的蛋白質源和天然牛磺酸源，具有開發成保健食品的潛力。

關鍵詞 短蛸性腺;營養成分;氨基酸;催乳食品

中圖分類號 S917.4文獻標識碼 A

文章編號 0517-6611（2019）17-0207-03

Abstract [Objective] The research aimed to analyze the basic nutritional components of the gonad of short octopus in Fujian Seas.[Method]Taking the short octopus in the Fujian Seas as the research object， the nutritional composition and amino acid composition of male and female sex glands of octopus in Fujian Seas were analyzed and evaluated.[Result]The contents of crude protein， crude fat and crude polysaccharide in female gonad were 73.40%， 6.72%， 8.14%， for male gonad were 75.70%， 11.96%， 2.38%. Amino acid analysis showed that the content of essential amino acid and branched chain amino acid was higher in females than in males， 25.71% and 15.05% in females， 20.29% and 10.60% in males. The contents of taurine， leucine and lysine in female tissues were 6.87%， 5.26% and 2.51%， respectively， and those in male tissues were 4.66%， 4.55% and 4.26%. Compared with similar water products， the contents were relatively high.[Conclusion]The gonads of octopus is a good source of protein and taurine and has potential to be used as health food.

Key words Gonad of octopus;Nutritional composition;Amino acid;Lactation food

短蛸屬于軟體動物門、頭足綱、八腕目、蛸科[1]，別稱“小章魚”，廣泛分布于中國渤海、黃海、東海、南海海域。我國福建沿海是短蛸類章魚的主要經濟產區，有大量的章魚加工企業，短蛸性腺（生殖腺）是加工過程中產生的下腳料部分，是蛸的卵巢和精巢，呈卵圓形，類白色，成熟的雌性性腺較大，雄性性腺較小，外部有膜包被，不易破裂。目前章魚加工企業主要是將這部分下腳料簡單加工成魚粉或者提取粗魚油。這些下腳料中含有牛磺酸、多糖、脂肪酸等多種生物活性物質，如將其加以精深加工，作為食用、藥用生物活性物質資源進行開發，將會提高章魚的整體利用價值[2]。國內許多研究對章魚不同部位的營養成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸等進行了全面分析[3]。……