不同施肥處理對水稻產量及效益的影響

寧遠武 王巧 王遠玲 姜忠旭 吳昌興 李銀銀

摘要 以光明集團配方肥應用示范基地建設項目為依托，通過設置肥料對比試驗探尋適宜上海農場地區的配方肥種類。選擇當前上海農場常規水稻品種作為供試品種，于水稻種植期間在上農16隊開展配方肥試驗，在上海市配方肥推薦目錄中，選擇適宜上海農場土壤的配方肥，在總氮量一定的情況下，與上海農場常規施肥模式進行對比，通過調整施用量來設置不同的試驗處理，比較水稻生長發育及產量效益等確定所選用的配方肥是否適合上海農場地區大面積推廣。結果表明，相較于常規復合肥，推薦配方肥在群體、穗粒數以及千粒重方面均有一定的優勢，但優勢不明顯，相較于控失肥，推薦配方肥不能有效地控制施肥節奏，最終效益低于控失肥。因此推薦的配方肥可替代上海農場當前使用的復合肥，但相較于緩控釋肥，還有一定的不足。

關鍵詞 配方肥;常規肥料;緩釋肥;產量;效益

中圖分類號 S511文獻標識碼 A

文章編號 0517-6611（2019）17-0142-04

Abstract Based on the construction project of Bright Food（Group） Co.，LIT formula fertilizer application demonstration base， the types of formula fertilizer suitable for Shanghai farm area by setting up fertilizer comparison test were explored. The current Shanghai farm routine rice varieties were selected as the tested varieties. During the rice planting period， the formula was tested in the Shanghai farm 16 team. In the recommended list of Shanghai formula fertilizers， the formula fertilizer suitable for the Shanghai farm soil was selected. In the case， compared with the conventional fertilization mode of Shanghai farm， different trial treatments were set by adjusting the application amount， and finally the rice growth and yield benefit and other projects were compared to determine whether the selected formula fertilizer was suitable for largescale promotion in Shanghai farm area. The results showed that compared with conventional compound fertilizer， the recommended formula fertilizer had certain advantages in terms of population， grain number per panicle and 1 000grain weight， but the advantage was not obvious. Compared with conventional controlled fertilization， the recommended formulated fertilizer could not effectively control the fertilization rhythm. The benefit was lower than the conventional controlled fertilization. Therefore， the recommended formulated fertilizer can replace the compound fertilizer currently used in Shanghai farms， but there are certain deficiencies compared to the controlledrelease fertilizer.

Key words Formulated fertilizer;Conventional fertilizer;Slowrelease fertilizer;Yield;Benefit

上海市上海農場地處江蘇省鹽城市大豐區境內，是上海重要的域外糧食生產基地。水稻是上海農場主要糧食作物，因其種植品種多，面積大，需肥量多，灌溉頻繁，在肥料運籌上存在許多值得探究的問題。增施肥料是提高水稻單產的重要手段之一，但現階段，大型農場的肥料運籌存在很大的盲目性，如果過量施肥，不僅會造成肥料資源大量浪費、增加生產成本，同時還會影響水稻的品質及造成環境污染，而施肥不足又不能發揮作物的增產優勢，造成農場資源浪費[1-3]。……