濱海城市道路防護(hù)綠地樹種綜合評(píng)價(jià)與應(yīng)用

蔣華平 薛雪

摘要 該研究以三亞市46條主要道路的道路防護(hù)綠地樹種為對(duì)象，調(diào)查評(píng)價(jià)分析了樹種整體構(gòu)成、生長(zhǎng)狀況、景觀效果、生態(tài)效益等指標(biāo)。結(jié)果表明：三亞市主要道路防護(hù)綠地樹種豐富度高，有35科72屬123種;選擇14個(gè)重要評(píng)價(jià)因子，利用層次分析法，建立濱海城市道路樹種綜合評(píng)價(jià)模型，對(duì)47種喬木樹種進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià)，將29種喬木劃為Ⅰ級(jí)樹種，12種喬木劃為Ⅱ級(jí)，6種喬木劃為Ⅲ級(jí);在道路配置模式方面，39.1%的道路為喬木+灌木+草本模式，其次是喬木+灌木模式，有15條道路，21.7%的道路采用喬木+灌木+草本+藤本模式，較少的是喬木單一配置模式和喬木+草本模式。以此研究結(jié)果為依據(jù)，推薦三亞市道路綠地骨干樹種、基調(diào)樹種、抗風(fēng)樹種、觀花樹種以及配置模式和指標(biāo)，為濱海城市綠地樹種的優(yōu)化提供建議。

關(guān)鍵詞 道路綠化;樹種綜合評(píng)價(jià);濱海城市;種植模式

中圖分類號(hào) S731.8文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A

文章編號(hào) 0517-6611（2019）17-0115-05

Abstract The tree species of 46 main road greenbelts in Sanya City were investigated and analyzed， including the overall composition of tree species， growth status， landscape effects， ecological benefits and other indicators. The results showed that there were 123 species belonging to 72 genera and 35 families in the main road greenbelts in Sanya City， and 14 important evaluation factors were selected. A comprehensive evaluation model of road tree species in coastal cities was established by using analytic hierarchy process. 47 tree species were evaluated comprehensively. 29 tree species were classified into grade I， 12 trees into grade Ⅱ and 6 trees into grade Ⅲ. 39.1% of the roads were arbor + shrub + herb mode， followed by arbor + shrub mode， with 15 roads， 21.7% of the roads were arbor + shrub + herb + vine mode， the least were single tree planting mode and arbor + herb mode. Based on the results of the study， the backbone tree species， keynote tree species， windresistant tree species， flowering tree species and planting patterns and indicators of road green space in Sanya City were recommended， which could provide suggestions for the optimization of tree species in coastal urban green space.

Key words Road greening;Comprehensive evaluation of tree species;Coastal city;Planting pattern

城市防護(hù)綠地作為城市綠地系統(tǒng)中的關(guān)鍵部分，發(fā)揮著衛(wèi)生、隔離、安全、生態(tài)防護(hù)等多重功能[1-3]，其中的道路防護(hù)綠地不僅對(duì)道路區(qū)域具有針對(duì)性的生態(tài)作用，而且從更大的尺度考慮，道路防護(hù)綠地以線性或網(wǎng)狀為主要特征，串聯(lián)起城市破碎的景觀資源，是對(duì)城市風(fēng)貌和地域特色的過渡和集聚體現(xiàn)。其中，道路綠地樹種構(gòu)成了道路綠地風(fēng)格和質(zhì)量的骨架和核心，通過多樣化的種類、空間結(jié)構(gòu)、配置模式能表達(dá)迥然不同的景觀設(shè)計(jì)理念和地域特質(zhì)，體現(xiàn)出各個(gè)城市園林建設(shè)的方法策略和理念水平[4-8]。……