5個獼猴桃品種在六盤水的生物學特性比較

李秀亞　宋福兵　肖鈞　汪志威　韓振誠

摘要 為摸清紅陽、金艷、楚紅、Hort16A、貴長5個獼猴桃品種在六盤水的生物學表現，指導修剪、花果管理等栽培與管理過程，對5個獼猴桃品種的物候期、枝條特性、葉片特性、開花特性及生長結果特性進行比較。結果表明，紅陽物候期早、易成花、易座果、結果枝率高、成枝率高、樹勢中等，金艷樹勢中等、葉片最小、結果枝率高，楚紅成花能力弱、坐果率低、結果枝數量少、成枝率低，Hort16A成花能力弱、結果枝數量少，貴長易成花、葉面積大、葉厚色深、易座果、結果枝率高、成枝率高、樹勢強。在六盤水地區，選擇適宜的中熟、晚熟且生長勢強的品種與主栽品種紅陽搭配，可逐漸形成早中晚熟品種搭配格局，增加品種的多樣性，提高六盤水獼猴桃產業競爭力及抗風險能力。

關鍵詞 品種;生物學特性;栽培管理;多樣性

中圖分類號 S663.4 文獻標識碼 A

文章編號 0517-6611（2019）17-0047-05

Abstract In order to understand the biological performance of five varieties kiwifruit of Hongyang，Jinyan，Chuhong， Hort16A and Guichang in Liupanshui， to guide the cultivation and management process of pruning， flower and fruit management， the phenological period， branch characteristics， leaf characteristics， flowering characteristics and growth and fruiting characteristics of five cultivars were compared.The results showed that the phenological stage of Hongyang was early， it was easy to blossom， easy to set fruit， the percentage of fruiting branches and branches were high， tree vigor was secondary.The tree vigor? of Jinyan was secondary， the leaf was the smallest， the percentage of fruiting branches was high.The ability of flowering of Chuhong was weak，the percentage of fruit set and branches were low，the number of fruiting branches also was low.The ability of flowering of Hort16Awas weak， the number of fruiting branches was small.The ability of flowering of Guichang was easy， the leaf area was larger，the leaf were thick and teh color was deep， the fruit setting was easy， the fruiting branch and branching rate were high，and the tree was very strong.In Liupanshui， selecting the suitable mediumripe， lateripening and stronggrowing variety with the main cultivar Hongyang collocation，it could gradually form the pattern of earlymiddlelatemature variety collocation and increase the variety diversity，improve the competitiveness and risk resistance of kiwifruit industry.

Key words Varieties;Biological characteristic;Cultivation and management;Diversity

獼猴桃屬于獼猴桃科（Actinidiaceae）獼猴桃屬（ Lindl.）多年生落葉藤本漿果果樹，俗稱陽桃、楊桃、獼猴梨、藤梨、鬼桃、木子等，是原產于我國20世紀人工馴化栽培最成功的水果之一，至今僅有110余年的栽培歷史[1]。獼猴桃是集營養和藥用價值于一體的水果，由于其果實富含糖、蛋白質、礦物質、氨基酸、維生素等多種營養物質及礦質元素，被國際上譽稱為“果中之王”“營養密度之首”[2-3]。六盤水野生獼猴桃資源豐富，屬于獼猴桃適生區及栽培適宜區。據調查，六盤水分布有中華獼猴桃、葛棗獼猴桃、硬齒獼猴桃、毛花獼猴桃等14個種297余萬株野生獼猴桃資源，其中玉舍森林公園內分布8個種2個變種[4-6]。……