頭孢菌素類藥物與其他藥物聯用導致不良反應的情況

趙紅梅 胡睿婷

[摘要]目的 探討頭孢菌素類藥物與其他藥物聯用導致不良反應的情況。方法 回顧性分析我院2017年1月～2018年12月收治的100例頭孢菌素類藥物與其他藥物聯用導致不良反應患者的臨床資料，并對頭孢菌素類藥物與其他藥物聯用導致不良反應情況、不良反應受累器官及其相關臨床表現進行分析，比較與其他藥物聯用前后的不良反應情況。結果 頭孢菌素類藥物與其他藥物聯用導致不良反應情況分析顯示，占比率前3位的分別為頭孢哌酮鈉導致（43.00%）、頭孢他啶導致（17.00%）、頭孢美唑鈉導致（12.00%）;不良反應受累及器官及其相關臨床表現分析顯示，占比率前3位的分別為消化系統癥狀（51.00%）、皮膚及皮膚附屬器官癥狀（23.00%）、血液系統癥狀（10.00%）;100例患者與其他藥物聯用前的消化系統不良反應發生率（7.00%）、二重感染發生率（7.00%）、神經系統不良反應發生率（10.00%）、變態反應發生率（8.00%）、腎功能損害發生率（8.00%）、其他不良反應發生率（4.00%）均明顯低于與其他藥物聯用后（22.00%、21.00%、24.00%、23.00%、20.00%、15.00%），差異有統計學意義（P<0.05）。結論 臨床在對患者進行頭孢菌素類藥物治療期間，應嚴格掌握患者的適應證與聯合用藥禁忌證等，并對患者因素進行充分考慮，做好不良反應預防工作，從而有助于提高臨床用藥安全性。

[關鍵詞]頭孢菌素類藥物;其他藥物;聯用;不良反應

[中圖分類號] R978.1? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1674-4721（2019）7（c）-0184-03

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the adverse reactions situation caused by the combination of cephalosporins and other drugs. Methods A retrospective analysis was made of the clinical data of 100 patients with adverse reactions caused by cephalosporins combined with other drugs in our hospital from January 2017 to December 2018. The adverse reactions caused by the combination of cephalosporins and other drugs， the organs involved in the adverse reactions and their related clinical manifestations were analyzed， and the adverse reactions before and after the combination of cephalosporins and other drugs were compared. Results The analysis of adverse reactions caused by cephalosporins combined with other drugs showed that the top three causes were Cefoperazone Sodium （43.00%）， Ceftazidime （17.00%） and Cefmetazole Codium （12.00%）. According to the analysis of the involvement of organs and their related clinical manifestations， the top three were digestive system symptoms （51.00%）， skin and skin appendages symptoms （23.00%） and blood system symptoms （10.00%）. The incidence of digestive system adverse reactions （7.00%）， double infection （7.00%）， nervous system adverse reactions （10.00%）， allergic reactions （8.00%）， renal dysfunction （8.00%） and other adverse reactions （4.00%） in 100 patients before combined with other drugs were significantly lower than those after combined with other drugs （22.00%， 21.00%， 24.00%， 23.00%， 20.00%， 15.00%）， the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. Conclusion During the clinical treatment of patients with cephalosporins， the indications and contraindications of combined drugs should be strictly controlled， and the patient factors should be fully considered， and the adverse reaction prevention work should be done well， so as to help improve the safety of clinical medication.