劉宇 劉明利 李春風



摘要:以硅酸鈉/酚醛樹脂為浸漬液,采用滿細胞法,利用真空-加壓的浸漬方式,提高速生楊木的物理力學性能。采用正交試驗方法,以浸漬液配方、真空時間、保壓時間為變量,物理力學性能作為評價指標。結果表明:增重率達到40%左右時,改性材的彈性模量(MOE)、靜曲強度(MOR)、順紋抗壓強度和抗沖擊韌性分別提高了29.5%、28.0%、36.2%和21.0%。體積干縮濕漲率降低了14%。
關鍵詞:硅酸鈉;酚醛樹脂;楊木;改性;物理力學性能;
Abstract: The physical and mechanical properties of fast-growing poplar were improved by using sodium silicate/phenolic resin as impregnation solution, through full cell method and vacuum-pressure impregnation method. Based on the orthogonal test method. The formula of impregnation solution, vacuum time and holding time were taken as variables, and the physical and mechanical properties were taken as evaluation indexes. The results show that when the weight gain rate reaches about 40%, modulus of elasticity(MOE), modulus of rupture(MOR), compressive strength along grain and impact toughness of the modified poplar are increased by 29.5%, 28.0%, 36.2% and 21.0%, respectively. The rate of? dry shrinkage and wet expansion is reduced by 5% and 3.4%.
Key words: Sodium silicate; Phenolic Resin; Poplar; Modification; Physical and Mechanical properties
隨著生活水平的提高,人們對木材的需求量越來越大,但由于天然林木材的日益缺乏以及國家倡導“綠水青山就是金山銀山”及對綠色生態林實施保護,導致柞木、水曲柳等硬質木材價格不斷攀升,以及下游產品價格提高。另外,楊木、泡桐等軟質木材由于其材性較差,素材無法代替硬質木材。但楊木作為速生木材具有生長周期短、成材早、適應性強等硬質闊葉材無法比擬的優勢,同時也存在密度低、強度弱、疏水性差等劣勢。國內外學者研究表明,楊木通過真空浸漬技術,化學改性物理填充可以有效增強楊木的強度和彈性模量,是使用改性技術來改善速生木材物理力學性能缺點的有效途徑[1-3]。
硅酸鈉溶液(俗稱水玻璃)具有來源廣泛,成本低且環保等優點,被國內外學者廣泛用于改性木材[4,5]。研究表明,用硅酸鈉溶液對木材進行改性處理,由于其具有較強的吸濕性和堿性,對木材本身性能影響較大,經高溫固化后,可提高木材的物理力學性能[6]。……