張玉婷
摘 要:高效智能水肥一體化灌溉設備通過物聯網手段分析植物需水和需肥狀況,通過計算機自動控制,以滴灌等形式將混雜后的水肥均勻定量滴在園林植物根系周圍。其在提高水分與化肥使用效率的同時,節約了大量資金成本。但是,高效智能水肥一體化灌溉設備在城市居住區綠化養護管理中應用較少。由此,本文主要分析高效智能水肥一體化灌溉設備在城市居住區綠化養護管理中應用的必要性及需要解決的問題。
關鍵詞:綠化養護;水肥一體化;節水灌溉
中圖分類號:S663.1 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1003-5168(2019)28-0042-02
The Application of High Efficiency and Intelligent Water Fertilizer Integrated Irrigation Equipment in the Greening and Maintenance of Residential Areas
ZHANG Yuting
(Qingdao Vocational and Technical College of Hotel Management,Qingdao Shandong 266000)
Abstract: The high-efficiency intelligent water fertilizer integrated irrigation equipment analyzes the water and fertilizer demand of plants by means of Internet of things. Through computer automatic control, the mixed water and fertilizer are uniformly and quantitatively dropped around the roots of garden plants in the form of drip irrigation. It not only improves the efficiency of water and fertilizer use, but also saves a lot of capital cost. However, the high-efficiency intelligent water fertilizer integrated irrigation equipment is seldom used in the urban residential area greening maintenance management. Therefore, this paper mainly analyzed the necessity and problems to be solved of the application of high-efficiency intelligent water fertilizer integrated irrigation equipment in the urban residential area greening maintenance management.
Keywords: green conservation;intellectualized fertigation technology;water saving irrigation
我國城市化水平不斷深入,城市園林綠化發展迅速,但居住綠化經常因土壤層薄、技術匱乏等造成植物水肥供應不足或者浪費,沒有達到良好生態效益。同時,化肥的濫用在我國并不少見,肥料的有效利用率較西方國家低15%~30%[1]。這種高耗低效的植物水肥管理方式與國家節能減排的目標相悖。智能水肥一體化灌溉技術是解決這些問題的新方向。我國自20世紀70年代才開始試驗和使用水肥一體化技術[2],并且取得了長足發展,但應用于城市綠化養護和居住區綠化養護還較少。
1 智能水肥一體化灌溉的原理
智能水肥一體化灌溉設備主要由信息感知設備(物聯網傳感器)、水肥輸送部件(包括水泵裝置、供水管網、滴頭、噴頭)及中央智能控制中心。
該設備首先通過物聯網傳感器感知環境狀況,在當前土壤環境因子低于適宜植物生長條件時,中央控制系統控制水肥輸送系統啟動,為植物供水、供肥[2]。……