人參皂苷調(diào)控轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子-β信號通路的作用機(jī)制

鄭思道　曹春　姚全

摘要?2000多年前，人參就被東亞各國視為珍貴藥材，用于防治心血管、中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)、糖尿病、腫瘤和免疫疾病等相關(guān)疾病的現(xiàn)代藥理作用被逐漸證實，前述藥理作用的基礎(chǔ)在于以人參皂苷為代表的活性成分。轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子-β可以調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞生長、分化、凋亡、侵襲、細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)合成、血管生成、免疫等多種病理生理過程，是藥物治療的重要靶點(diǎn)。目前研究顯示，由轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子-β介導(dǎo)的人參藥效作用主要表現(xiàn)為對免疫的調(diào)節(jié)、對中樞神經(jīng)的保護(hù)、對糖尿病及并發(fā)癥的治療、對腫瘤的抑制等方面。相關(guān)研究從現(xiàn)代藥理機(jī)制闡釋了人參及其主要活性成分的藥效特點(diǎn)，具有較一致的研究結(jié)論。部分人參皂苷對不同組織轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子-β的調(diào)控作用存在相反結(jié)果，提示其治療作用的組織特異性，也可能是中藥雙向調(diào)節(jié)理論的又一個例證。通過闡述經(jīng)由轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子-β信號通路介導(dǎo)的人參皂苷藥理作用，不僅能夠促進(jìn)探索傳統(tǒng)中藥的現(xiàn)代藥理機(jī)制，利于現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)和更多地區(qū)理解、接受傳統(tǒng)藥物，也可以在傳統(tǒng)藥物活性成分基礎(chǔ)上研發(fā)新藥物，同時在一定程度上促進(jìn)傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)藥理論的發(fā)展。

關(guān)鍵詞?人參;人參皂苷;轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子-β;信號通路

Regulatory Effects of Ginsenosides on Transforming Growth Factor β Signal Pathway

Zheng Sidao1，Cao Chun2，Yao Quan3

（Department of Cardiology，Beijing Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine，Beijing 100039，China）

Abstract?The root of Panax ginseng C. A. Mayer，named Ginseng，had been used as one of valuable medicinal herbs in East Asia approximately 2000 years ago. Recent evidence has shown that Ginseng is effective in preventing and reversing different types of diseases，such as cardiovascular diseases，central nervous system disorders，diabetes mellitus，tumors，immunity diseases. Moreover，several important active ingredients had been found，in which ginsenoside predominates. Transforming growth factor beta（TGF-β）are potent regulators of multiple cellular functions，including cell growth，differentiation，apoptosis，migration，excessive extracellular matrix production and immunity，which is a critical target spot in the treatment of diseases. Current studies have revealed that Ginseng′s therapeutic effects mentioned above are induced mainly by ginsenoside and its regulation on TGF-β signaling pathways. Gisengside has multiple regulating effects on TGF-β signaling pathways，and elucidation of the mechanisms is progressing. The same ginsenoside could regulate TGF-β signaling pathways in directions that are completely contrary to each other between different tissues，indicating the fact that gisengside regulates TGF-β signaling pathways in a tissue‐specific manner，confirming the bi-directional regulating theory of Chinese medicinal herbs. The studies of gisengside on TGF-β signaling pathways not only alleviate the exploration of the pharmacological mechanism of Chinese medicinal herbs，but also facilitate understanding and accept traditional medical herbs for modern medicine and western people. All such studies would provide evidence for gisengside′s clinical application and drug discovery.

Key Words?Ginseng; Ginsenoside; TGF-β; Signal transduction pathway

中圖分類號：R282;R284文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼：Adoi：10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2019.03.051

廣泛種植于中國東北、朝鮮半島和俄羅斯的人參按照不同制作工藝可分為生參、白參和紅參3種，從2000多年前就被當(dāng)?shù)孛耖g視為極其珍貴的藥材，如今也逐漸被北美、歐洲和其他地區(qū)作為營養(yǎng)補(bǔ)充劑，而其作用于心血管、中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)和免疫系統(tǒng)，以及糖尿病、腫瘤等疾病的現(xiàn)代藥理作用也被逐漸證實[1]。……