穿龍薯蕷無(wú)公害栽培技術(shù)體系探討

尹青崗　韓宗賢　魏一丁　鄧思楊　向麗

摘要?穿龍薯蕷是薯蕷皂苷元的主要來(lái)源，是用于生產(chǎn)避孕藥、甾體類激素化合物的主要原料。穿龍薯蕷野生資源已不能滿足日益增加的市場(chǎng)需求，但人工栽培過(guò)程中不規(guī)范使用農(nóng)藥、農(nóng)殘及重金屬超標(biāo)等問題限制了產(chǎn)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。無(wú)公害種植是穿龍薯蕷優(yōu)質(zhì)、高產(chǎn)和穩(wěn)產(chǎn)的有效措施和未來(lái)主要發(fā)展方向。本文探討了穿龍薯蕷無(wú)公害種植在精準(zhǔn)選址、良種培育、規(guī)范化綜合農(nóng)藝管理等方面的技術(shù)要求;病蟲害防治應(yīng)優(yōu)先使用農(nóng)藝防治、生物防治，在不可避免的情況下少量使用低毒低殘留的化學(xué)防治，禁止使用高毒高殘留化學(xué)農(nóng)藥。通過(guò)構(gòu)建穿龍薯蕷無(wú)公害栽培技術(shù)體系，實(shí)現(xiàn)穿龍薯蕷生產(chǎn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、產(chǎn)業(yè)化，促進(jìn)穿龍薯蕷種植產(chǎn)業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。

關(guān)鍵詞?穿龍薯蕷;薯蕷皂苷;無(wú)公害栽培;精準(zhǔn)選址;病蟲害綜合防治

Discussion on Pollution-free Cultivation Technology System of Dioscorea Nipponica

Yin Qinggang1，Han Zongxian2，Wei Yiding3，Deng Siyang4，Xiang Li1

（1 Key Laboratory of Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine，Institute of Chinese Materia Medica，China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences，Beijing 100700，China; 2 School of Chemical Engineering，Wuhan University of Technology，Wuhan，430070，China; 3 College of Pharmacy，Hubei University of Chinese Medicine，Wuhan 430065，China; 4 Chengdu Diao Pharmaceutical Group Co.，Ltd，Chengdu 611230，China）

Abstract?Dioscorea nipponica is the main source of diosgenin and the main raw material for the production of contraceptives and steroid hormones compounds.The wild resources of D.nipponica has been unable to meet the increasing market demand，but artificial cultivation process does not regulate the use of pesticides，pesticide residues and heavy metals exceeding and other issues limit of sustainable development of the D.nipponicae rhizome industry.Pollution-free cultivation is an effective measure for high quality，high and stable yield of D.nipponicae rhizome and the main development direction in the future.This paper discusses the technical requirements of pollution-free cultivation of in precision origin location selection，improved variety cultivation，standardized comprehensive agronomic management measures，etc.Pest control should give priority to agronomic control and biological control，the use of chemical control with low toxicity and low residue in small amount is inevitable，and the use of chemical pesticides with high toxicity and high residue is prohibited.Through the construction of pollution-free cultivation technology system of D.nipponica，the standardization and industrialization of D.nipponicae rhizome production can be realized，meanwhile，the healthy development of D.nipponica planting industry will be promoted.

Key Words?Dioscorea nipponica;Dioscorein;Pollution-free cultivation;Precision origin location;Integrated Pest Management

中圖分類號(hào)：[R282.2]文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：Adoi：10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2019.03.010

穿地龍作為歷版《中華人民共和國(guó)藥典》收載的重要中藥材，來(lái)源于薯蕷植物穿龍薯蕷（Dioscorea nipponica）的干燥根莖[1-2]。穿龍薯蕷作為多年生藤本植物，在我國(guó)分布范圍極廣，如東北、西北、華北、華中一帶均有穿龍薯蕷野生資源，主效成分為薯蕷皂苷[3-4]。薯蕷皂苷在治療慢性氣管炎、勞損扭傷、冠心病以及心絞痛等方面具有顯著療效[5-7]。同時(shí)，薯蕷皂苷元還是合成甾體類激素化合物及避孕藥的重要原料。甾體類激素化合物僅次于抗生素類藥物，是國(guó)際醫(yī)藥市場(chǎng)的第二大類藥物[8]。……