詹勇 鄭長友 孫寧 黃燕濤 王雙倫







摘 要:Kamoa-Kakula銅礦床是剛果(金)加丹加弧形成礦帶重要的銅礦床之一。結合區域成礦背景,對礦區地層、構造、礦體特征、礦石特征等進行評述,并對礦床成因進行探討。Kamoa-Kakula銅礦床受層位控制,以恩古巴群底部混積巖為主要賦礦層位。孔德龍古時期,含銅氧化流體在恩古巴群底部混積巖的還原環境地層替代早期沉積的微球粒狀黃鐵礦是層狀銅硫化物富集的主成礦階段,后期的盧菲利造山運動一定程度上塑造了Kamoa-Kakula銅礦床如今的產出狀態。分析認為,Kamoa-Kakula銅礦床應屬沉積改造型層狀銅礦床。
關鍵詞:Kamoa-Kakula銅礦床;地質特征;礦床成因;剛果(金)
中圖分類號:P618.41 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1003-5168(2019)31-0076-06
Geological Characteristics and Genesis of the Kamoa-Kakula Copper Deposit in Democratic Republic of Congo
ZHAN Yong1,2 ZHENG Changyou1,2 SUN Ning1 HUANG Yantao1 WANG Shuanglun1
(1.Sinotech Minerals Exploration Co.,Ltd., Beijing 100012;2.Sinodrill Co.,Ltd, Beijing 100080)
Abstract: The Kamoa-Kakula copper deposit is one of the important copper deposits in the Katanga copper-cobalt belt of Congo. According to the regional setting of geology and mineralization, the stratum,structure,ore body features,ore characteristics and genesis were discussed in this paper.The Kamoa-Kakula copper deposit is controlled by the stratification, with the Basal diamictite of Nguba group as the main ore-bearing horizon.In the ancient period of Kongdelong, the copper-bearing oxidizing fluid replaced the early-deposited framboidal pyrite in the reducing environmental stratum of the Basal diamictite of Nguba group. This stage is the main metallogenic stage of layered copper sulfide enrichment. The late Lufilian orogeny shaped the current state of the Kamoa-Kakula copper deposit.The Kamoa-Kakula copper deposit is considered as a sedimentary-reformation layered copper deposit.
Keywords: the Kamoa-Kakula copper deposit;geological characteristics;genesis;D.R.Congo
剛果(金)盧阿拉巴省Kamoa-Kakula銅礦床位于中非銅礦帶西端,科盧韋齊市西南約25km處,東經25°3′30″~25°20′00″,南緯10°40′00″~10°57′30″。據2019年最新資料顯示,Kamoa-Kakula銅礦銅金屬資源量達到4 215萬t,平均品位約2.56%,其中約700萬t銅金屬品位大于7%,是非洲第一大、全球第四大銅礦。本文結合區域成礦背景,總結Kamoa-Kakula銅礦床地層、構造、礦體特征、礦石特征,分析了該礦床的成因,以期指導此種類型銅礦床的找礦方向。
1 區域地質背景
剛果(金)-贊比亞銅鈷礦帶由剛果(金)向南東方向延至贊比亞中部,延伸近700km,寬超過150km,發育多處大型-超大型銅鈷礦床[1]。在剛果(金)境內,該礦帶通常叫加丹加弧形構造帶,也叫加丹加弧形銅成礦帶。Kamoa-Kakula銅礦床大地構造位置處于加丹加弧形構造帶西端(見圖1),構造帶內穹隆、殘丘、背向斜、推覆構造(因之而成的疊瓦構造)和斷裂等次級構造極其發育。……