A Brief Analysis of the Gap between Urban and Rural Education

鄭燕艷 孟榮丹

摘要： With the development of society， the importance of education has become increasingly apparent. Education has become the foundation for the country to move toward prosperity， democracy and civilization.However， today， the gap between urban and rural education is becoming more and more prominent as the differences between urban and rural areas， regions and classes are widening. This paper will briefly analyze the reasons and countermeasures of urban-rural education gap.

關鍵詞： urban;rural;education;gap

一.Analysis on the causes of the widening gap between urban and rural education

1. The urban-rural dual economic structure seriously restricts the development of rural economy.

The urban-rural dual structure strictly restricts the household transfer system and the investment of education and public facilities that the rural population flows to the city. It is the root cause of the education gap between urban and rural areas.The planned economic structure played a great role in the initial stage of China's economic recovery， but with the acceleration of urbanization， the pace of rural economy can not keep up with the pace of the city， the urban-rural dual economic structure seriously restricted the development of the whole society. In the field of education， education and infrastructure in the city， is almost entirely by the state financial input， and the education in the countryside and facilities， national school cannot provide a lot of money， talent， and thus reduce the threshold level of the quality of education， the education level in the balance of supply and demand， which greatly restrict the development of rural education， education resources distribution imbalance.

2. The government has insufficient funds for rural education， and the gap in teaching resources and teaching facilities is obvious.

At present， China's education investment is mainly invested by the government. In terms of education investment system， it is generally based on cities and key schools. Key schools in these cities received the highest education funding， followed by schools in general cities and counties. Rural schools are usually the lowest. Differences in education funding widen the gap between school conditions and teachers. In addition， in recent years， a large number of students and teachers have moved to cities and towns， resulting in a serious loss of students and teachers in rural schools. Cities have the best and most advanced educational facilities and access to a wider range of education， while in rural areas， students can only guarantee normal teaching， and more than half of rural primary and secondary schools are unable to guarantee basic operating funds.

3.The gap in the cultural quality of urban and rural residents.

The cultural capital that rural families send to their children is far less than that of urban families. It is prominently expressed as the cultural level of parents， educational investment， and skill differences. Urban families generally have higher expectations and metrics for their children. For the rural areas， a large part of the family is engaged in agricultural labor for a living， and the emphasis on education is lower than that of urban residents. In some remote areas， because their parents are not highly educated， they are not aware of the importance of education and learning. They even think that the cost of education is a waste， which leads to their children not receiving education or only receiving a little education. The difference in human perception makes the rural areas Children‘s education cannot go smoothly.

二.Measures to narrow the gap between urban and rural education

1.The government should be committed to eliminating the urban-rural dual economic structure.

2.The government gives great financial support to rural education.

3.Deepen reform of the education and personnel system and strengthen the building of a contingent of rural teachers.

4.Accelerate the construction of rural informatization and realize the sharing of high-quality education resources as soon as possible.

Conclusion：

Reducing the gap between urban and rural education and achieving balanced development of education will not only enable children in rural areas to have access to good education， but also contribute to the stable and harmonious development of society. Therefore， society， government， enterprises， and schools must unite， seize opportunities， and go all out to gradually narrow the urban-rural gap.

Reference：

（1）Yu Xiulan. The Difference between Urban and Rural Education in China——A Dividing of Cultural Reproduction Unit [M]. Beijing： Education Science Press， 2004.

（2） Fang Zhou， Current situation and thinking of rural family education [J]. Family Education， 2000， （11）.

（3） Chen Jingpu. Attribution analysis of urban-rural education gap [J].2004，（11）.