周彥華
摘 要:西方當(dāng)代藝術(shù)介入社會實(shí)踐中的前衛(wèi)精神不斷衰落,新自由主義的“為參與而參與”呈現(xiàn)出參與本身體制化的危機(jī),在這樣的情況下,延安時(shí)期以來形成的藝術(shù)介入實(shí)踐,已形成架上繪畫、劇場表演和社區(qū)文藝三種視覺模式,為我們提供了一種從“群眾路線”來看待藝術(shù)介入社會的新視角。這些群眾藝術(shù)實(shí)踐以塑造人民群眾主體性、建構(gòu)人民社會為目的,形成了一套群眾美學(xué),它既區(qū)別于西方的前衛(wèi)美學(xué)、大眾美學(xué),又區(qū)別于社會主義現(xiàn)實(shí)主義美學(xué),重建了一種非西方的話語實(shí)踐,構(gòu)成了藝術(shù)介入社會的中國經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
關(guān)鍵詞:藝術(shù)介入社會;群眾路線;群眾美學(xué);人民社會
中圖分類號:J0-03
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A
文章編號:1671-444X(2019)04-0079-08
國際DOI編碼:10.15958/j.cnki.gdxbysb.2019.04.013
Chinese Experience of “the Mass Line” as a Means of Socially Engaged Art Practices
ZHOU Yanhua
(Research Center for Contemporary Visual Art, Sichuan Fine Arts Institute, Chongqing 401331, China)
Abstract:The avant-garde spirit in the social engagement of the contemporary Western art has been steadily declining and “participation for participation’s sake” proposed by neo-liberalism reveals the crisis of institutionalization of participation itself. Under this circumstance, three visual models of easel paintings, political theater, and community art that have been formed since Yan-an Period offers us a new perspective to view how art gets socially engaged from “the mass line”. These mass art practices form a set of mass aesthetics aiming to portray people’s subjectivity and shape people’s commune society that distinguished itself from Western avant-garde and mass aesthetics, as well as socialist realistic aesthetics. It thus reconstructs a non-western discourse practice and constitutes Chinese experience of socially engaged art practices.?
Key words:the social engagement of art; the mass line; mass aesthetics; people’s commune society
一、當(dāng)代藝術(shù)“參與”的危機(jī)
藝術(shù)介入社會不僅是近年來當(dāng)代藝術(shù)實(shí)踐的新方向,也成為了國內(nèi)學(xué)界近年來熱議的話題。對于藝術(shù)學(xué)學(xué)科而言,國內(nèi)學(xué)者們擅于從西方現(xiàn)當(dāng)代藝術(shù)史經(jīng)驗(yàn)中攫取相應(yīng)的話語范式。這種做法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于對西方新近研究成果的快速更新,但缺點(diǎn)在于過于崇拜、依賴西方的經(jīng)驗(yàn),而忽視本土經(jīng)驗(yàn)的價(jià)值。事實(shí)上,在我們極力追捧西方“先進(jìn)”學(xué)術(shù)和理論成果的同時(shí),西方學(xué)界也已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)自身知識生產(chǎn)的重重問題。
在西方現(xiàn)當(dāng)代藝術(shù)的知識譜系中,藝術(shù)介入社會的歷史可以追述到20世紀(jì)初的前衛(wèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)當(dāng)中。它被視為資本主義社會內(nèi)部的異見因子,對資本主義體制和文化展開雙重批判。……