CHARTING A COURSE FOR SUCCESS： AMERICA’S STRATEGY FOR STEM EDUCATION（Ⅱ）

【譯題】制定成功之路：美國STEM教育戰(zhàn)略（二）

Product of the COMMITTEE ON STEM EDUCATION of the NATIONAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL

美國國家科學(xué)技術(shù)委員會STEM教育委員會

A Vision for STEM Education in America

Science， technology， engineering， and mathematics （STEM） have been the foundation for discovery and technological innovation throughout American history. The best STEM education provides an interdisciplinary approach to learning， where rigorous academic concepts are coupled with real-world applications and students use STEM in contexts that make connections between school， community， work， and the wider world. The American STEM enterprise is composed of a constellation of public and private sector organizations providing education and training in myriad ways and conducting research and development （R&D） across all sectors of the economy.

The State of STEM Education

The United States has a higher education system that is the envy of the world， providing undergraduate and graduate degrees in STEM and conducting research that is an engine for American prosperity and security. STEM employment in the United States continues to grow at a faster pace than employment in other occupations， and STEM workers command higher wages than their non-STEM counterparts. STEM degree holders enjoy higher earnings， regardless of whether they work in STEM or non-STEM occupations.

A Federal Strategy for the Next Five Years

This strategic plan is based on a Vision for a future where all Americans have lifelong access to high- quality STEM education and the United States is the global leader in STEM literacy， innovation， and employment. This vision will be achieved by pursuing the following three goals representing aspirational intentions to be strived for as a Nation：

Therefore， the strategy is built on the following four pathways representing a cross-cutting set of approaches：

·Develop and Enrich Strategic Partnerships

·Engage Students where Disciplines Converge

·Build Computational Literacy

·Operate with Transparency and Accountability

Goals for American STEM Education

The Plan’s three goals provide overarching guidance for Federal agencies in prioritizing their investments and interagency coordination and collaboration activities， and can serve as a framework for the national stakeholder community to contribute to this strategy’s success.

Build Strong Foundations for STEM Literacy

The Nation is stronger when all Americans benefit from an education that provides a strong STEM foundation for fully engaging in and contributing to their communities， and for succeeding in STEM- related careers， if they choose. STEM literacy depends on access to high-quality， lifelong STEM learning for all Americans.

Increase Diversity， Equity， and Inclusion in STEM

The national benefits of a strong STEM foundation cannot be fully realized until all members of society have equitable access to STEM education and there is much broader participation by those historically underserved and underrepresented in STEM fields and employment. Presently， high-quality STEM opportunities are not available to all learners. Implicit bias is one factor that inhibits the realization of this goal. Disparity in the distribution of human， material， and financial resources across rural， urban， and suburban America also inhibits this goal.

Prepare the STEM Workforce for the Future

A diverse talent pool of Americans with strong STEM knowledge and skills prepared for the jobs of the future is essential to maintaining the national innovation base that supports key sectors of the economy， including agriculture， energy， healthcare， information and communications technologies， manufacturing， transportation， and defense， along with emerging areas like artificial intelligence and quantum information science.

美國STEM教育的愿景

縱觀美國歷史，科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程和數(shù)學(xué)一直是發(fā)現(xiàn)和技術(shù)創(chuàng)新的基礎(chǔ)。最好的STEM教育提供了一種跨學(xué)科的學(xué)習(xí)方法，其中嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)膶W(xué)術(shù)概念與現(xiàn)實世界的應(yīng)用相結(jié)合，學(xué)生在學(xué)校、社區(qū)、工作和更廣闊的世界之間建立聯(lián)系的背景下使用STEM。美國科技創(chuàng)新企業(yè)由一系列公共和私營部門組織組成，以多種方式提供教育和培訓(xùn)，并在所有經(jīng)濟(jì)部門進(jìn)行研究和開發(fā)。

美國STEM的教育現(xiàn)狀

美國擁有令世界羨慕的高等教育體系，提供STEM的本科和研究生學(xué)位，并進(jìn)行研究，這是美國繁榮和安全的引擎。在美國，STEM就業(yè)繼續(xù)以高于其他職業(yè)的速度增長，STEM工人的工資也高于非STEM工人。無論從事STEM還是非STEM職業(yè)，只要是STEM學(xué)位持有者，都享有更高的收入。

未來五年的聯(lián)邦戰(zhàn)略

這項戰(zhàn)略計劃的基礎(chǔ)是對未來的展望。在未來，所有美國人都能終身獲得高質(zhì)量的STEM教育，美國在STEM素養(yǎng)、創(chuàng)新和就業(yè)方面處于全球領(lǐng)先地位。

因此，該戰(zhàn)略建立在以下四個途徑的基礎(chǔ)上，它們代表了一組交叉的方法：發(fā)展和豐富戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系；跨學(xué)科交叉融合；建立信息素養(yǎng)；以透明和負(fù)責(zé)的態(tài)度開展工作。

美國STEM教育的目標(biāo)

該計劃的三個目標(biāo)為聯(lián)邦機(jī)構(gòu)確定投資和機(jī)構(gòu)間協(xié)調(diào)與合作活動的優(yōu)先次序提供了總體指導(dǎo)，并可作為國家利益攸關(guān)方社區(qū)為該戰(zhàn)略的成功做出貢獻(xiàn)的框架。

為培養(yǎng)STEM素養(yǎng)夯實堅實的基礎(chǔ)

如果所有美國人都能從STEM教育中受益，這個國家就會變得更加強(qiáng)大。這種教育為充分參與和為社區(qū)做貢獻(xiàn)提供了強(qiáng)大的STEM基礎(chǔ)，如果他們愿意，還能在與STEM相關(guān)的職業(yè)中取得成功。STEM素養(yǎng)取決于所有美國人能否獲得高質(zhì)量的STEM終身學(xué)習(xí)的通道。

增加STEM教育的多樣性、公平性和包容性

只有社會所有成員都有平等機(jī)會接受STEM教育，并且在STEM領(lǐng)域和就業(yè)中歷來得不到充分服務(wù)和代表不足的人有更廣泛的參與，強(qiáng)大的STEM基礎(chǔ)的國家利益才能充分實現(xiàn)。目前，并非所有學(xué)習(xí)者都有高質(zhì)量的STEM機(jī)會。隱性偏見是阻礙這一目標(biāo)實現(xiàn)的一個因素。美國農(nóng)村、城市和郊區(qū)人力、物力和財力分配的差異也抑制了這一目標(biāo)的實現(xiàn)。

為未來的STEM就業(yè)做好準(zhǔn)備

擁有豐富的科技創(chuàng)新知識和技能、為未來工作做好準(zhǔn)備的美國人才庫，對維護(hù)國家創(chuàng)新基礎(chǔ)至關(guān)重要，國家創(chuàng)新基礎(chǔ)支持關(guān)鍵經(jīng)濟(jì)部門，包括農(nóng)業(yè)、能源、醫(yī)療保健、信息和通信技術(shù)、制造業(yè)、交通運(yùn)輸和國防，以及人工智能和量子信息科學(xué)等新興領(lǐng)域。