基于“驅(qū)動(dòng)力—狀態(tài)—響應(yīng)”的鄉(xiāng)村聚落類型劃分及空間整合模式研究

楊歡 何浪

摘要：鄉(xiāng)村空間整合是近年來學(xué)界關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)議題，我國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村空間類型多樣且復(fù)雜多元，構(gòu)建符合地區(qū)特征的適宜性鄉(xiāng)村類型劃分體系及空間整合模式具有重要的實(shí)用價(jià)值。立足城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃學(xué)，本文融入“驅(qū)動(dòng)力—狀態(tài)—響應(yīng)”的分析思路，采用景觀指數(shù)并借助GIS 空間分析功能，按照5km×5km 的網(wǎng)格單元對(duì)陜西省咸陽市鄉(xiāng)村聚落進(jìn)行空間分析并初步劃分其鄉(xiāng)村空間類型。之后深入挖掘影響咸陽市鄉(xiāng)村聚落空間形態(tài)的主導(dǎo)因子，并以主導(dǎo)驅(qū)動(dòng)力為依據(jù)對(duì)初步類型化體系進(jìn)行調(diào)整。最后提出咸陽市鄉(xiāng)村聚落空間的適宜性整合模式，為鄉(xiāng)村空間可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供可選思路。

關(guān)鍵詞：鄉(xiāng)村聚落；類型劃分；空間整合模式；驅(qū)動(dòng)力—狀態(tài)—響應(yīng)；咸陽市

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1009-1483.2019.08.003 中圖分類號(hào)：TU984

文章編號(hào)：1009-1483（2019）08-0011-08 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A

Research on Rural Settlement Type Division and Spatial Integration Model Based on"Driver-State-Response"： Taking Xianyang City as an Example

YANG Huan， HE Lang

[Abstract] The rural spatial integration is a hot topic in academic circles in recent years. The types of rural space in China are diverse and complex， so it is of great practical value to construct a suitable rural type classification system and spatial integration model that conforms to regional characteristics. In the field of urban and rural planning， this paper incorporates the analysis of "driver-state-response" in landscape ecology， adopts landscape index and uses GIS spatial analysis function to analyze rural settlement space in Xianyang by the grid unit of 5km×5km and gets the preliminary classifications. Afterwards， this paper deeply explores the dominant factors affecting rural spatial settlement form in Xianyang City， and adapts the preliminary classification system based on the main driving force. Finally， the suitability rural settlement spatial integration model in Xianyang City is proposed， which provides an alternative idea for rual sustainable development.

[Keywords] rural settlement； type division； spatial integration model； driver-state-response； Xianyang City

引言

伴隨著城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌和鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略的持續(xù)推進(jìn)，鄉(xiāng)村聚落的類型劃分及空間整合模式研究引起鄉(xiāng)村地理學(xué)和城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃學(xué)等領(lǐng)域的廣泛關(guān)注，積累了較為豐富的理論成果及實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)。針對(duì)鄉(xiāng)村聚落類型劃分，大部分地理學(xué)者借助RS和GIS技術(shù)從聚落規(guī)模、分布密度及空間形態(tài)等方面入手分析聚落斑塊的空間分布特征，并采用聚類分析法對(duì)鄉(xiāng)村空間進(jìn)行類型劃分，然而較少延伸至不同類型鄉(xiāng)村聚落空間整合模式的研究。朱彬等采用東西向和西北—東南向兩條樣帶（20km×20km）對(duì)蘇北地區(qū)鄉(xiāng)村聚落的格局特征與類型劃分進(jìn)行研究[1]；單勇兵等從聚落密度、形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)和空間關(guān)系等角度分析蘇中地區(qū)鄉(xiāng)村聚落的格局特征和類型劃分[2]；……