生態環保　共建綠色絲綢之路

蜀山

在中國參加完防沙治沙國際培訓班后，來自埃及開羅的園藝研究所研究員納希德·沙耶卜給自己設定了一個計劃：把中國的節水梯田種植模式“搬到”西奈半島山區，以這種方式在當地荒漠涵養水源、防止水土流失。目前，她的愿望已逐步變成現實，埃及農業部正在研究她提交的西奈半島梯田方案。

有同樣想法的還有來自伊拉克國家荒漠化防治委員會農業副總工程師薩馬德·卡米勒·阿里。作為和埃及一樣重要的文明古國，近幾十年，隨著土壤鹽堿化和荒漠化，曾經輝煌的兩河文明逐漸被沙塵掩埋，文明的起源早已被黃沙掩蓋。因此，對于薩馬德·卡米勒·阿里來說，他急切地希望學習防沙治沙的有效手段，將沙漠重新變為綠洲。

納米比亞學員埃麗娜在甘肅省治沙研究所國際合作中心學習

“荒漠化”被形象地定義為地球的癌癥，在聯合國環境規劃署《全球環境展望》系列報告中的首份主題報告《全球沙漠展望》中，赤裸裸的數據震懾著所有人：目前全球有110多個國家10億多人受到沙漠化威脅，其中1.35億人面臨流離失所的危險;全球氣候變暖導致占全球41%的干旱地區土地不斷沙化，且面積正在逐漸擴大，目前養活引億人口的干旱地區中有10% -20%的土地無法耕種;非洲是沙漠化最嚴重的地區，據統計，非洲有大約三分之二的面積被沙漠和干旱土地所覆蓋，世界上已經沙漠化的土地有一半在非洲。

而在我國，甘肅省是防沙治沙的重點省份，最近幾年甘肅省依靠科技手段取得了不錯的成效。于是，為降低國際荒漠化進程，將更多有益手段傳播出去，甘肅省治沙研究所建成了荒漠化與風沙災害防治國家重點實驗室、荒漠草地生態系統國家野外科學觀測研究站、荒漠化防治國際培訓中心等重點科研基地。先后舉辦了36期“中國沙漠治理技術和荒漠化防治國際培訓班”，培訓了90多個發展中國家的1000多名學員，其科研基礎設施建設、研究成果及培訓水平均為國際領先。

中國生態建設的腳步不僅僅只局限于防沙治沙環節，對于一切涉及到環保的大事，中國政府都將義無反顧地倡導并執行下去。2018年11月6日，國家市場監督管理總局與中國人民對外友好協會在中國國際進口博覽會期間共同舉辦“一帶一路”生態農業與食品安全論壇，論壇的主題是“擴大食品進口 豐富百姓生活”。與會嘉賓共同研討了國際生態農業對食品安全保障作用，探索了中國食品消費結構變化趨勢。9月12日，“一帶一路”生態治理民間合作國際論壇在甘肅省武威市召開，推廣民勤生態治理的中國案例及“一帶一路”生態治理成果，讓“一帶一路”民間力量攜起手來，共建綠色“絲綢之路”。

科倫坡國際集裝箱碼頭“油改電”獲贊（本版圖片/新華社 供圖）

除此以外，在2017年，環境保護部發布的《“一帶一路”生態環境保護合作規劃》指出，在生態環保合作領域，中國積極與沿線國家深化多雙邊對話、交流與合作，強化生態環境信息支撐服務，推動環境標準、技術和產業合作，取得積極進展和良好成效。同年，中國與聯合國環境規劃署建立“一帶一路”綠色發展國際聯盟，旨在為更多飽受荒漠化困擾的國家提供生態治理與荒漠化防治經驗;中國生態環境部牽頭的對外援助環境管理研修班被聯合國譽為“南南合作典范”;中非環境合作中心在肯尼亞建立，旨在推進環保交流的“綠色絲路使者”計劃啟動……

位于斯里蘭卡西南部深水自由港的科倫坡國際集裝箱碼頭（簡稱“CICT”）如今已成為南亞地區規模最大的綠色碼頭。科倫坡碼頭隸屬于科倫坡港，其港口是斯里蘭卡最大的海港，連接著亞洲和歐洲貿易航線的必經之路，是南亞重要中轉樞紐。

中國援建的阿爾及爾歌劇院 ? ?（新華社供圖）

2011年，中國招商局港口控股有限公司投資了位于斯里蘭卡的科倫坡國際集裝箱碼頭。相關數據顯示，自2013年7月開始運營以來，CICT業務快速增長，2013年集裝箱吞吐量僅5.8萬標箱，到2014年達68萬標箱，而2018年上半年吞吐量已完成130萬標箱。在全球港口排名中，科倫坡港由2012年的第34位大幅躍升至2016年的第23位。

經濟指標上來了，生態指標也必須要達標。2017年11月，碼頭完成全部40臺龍門吊及40個集裝箱堆場的“油改電”改造，也就是這個技術改造讓科倫坡國際集裝箱碼頭一躍成為斯里蘭卡第一家，也是南亞地區規模最大的綠色碼頭。

據估算，龍門吊作業動力從柴油發電機組改為市電提供后，不僅每年節省150萬美元經濟成本，而且對環境也更為友好：每月至少減少油耗22萬升，減少碳排放一千噸以上。此外，在龍門吊放下集裝箱時，重力勢能還會轉化為再生電能，除了供給碼頭其他設備使用外，剩余電能直接免費反饋回當地國家電網。

項目工程技術人員介紹，這一碼頭低架、直流、安全滑觸線電氣化改造工程，采用世界先進的綠色環保技術，并進行了創新及熱帶適應性改造，不僅減少了空氣污染和噪音，還降低了運營和維護成本，提高了設備出勤率。

面對經濟和生態的雙豐收，斯里蘭卡港務局主席迪薩納亞克也不無感嘆地說，科倫坡國際集裝箱綠色碼頭項目為斯港口航運業其他企業作出了表率。

同樣對中國企業在環保領域贊譽有佳的還有巴基斯坦前總理阿巴西，他深情地說：“冰凍三尺非一日之寒，中國電建克服重重困難，用無可匹敵的速度提前完成建設任務，用最低的成本建造了全世界最環保、最先進的電站，這將極大緩解巴基斯坦電力短缺現狀，為巴基斯坦經濟發展和改善人民生活提供持續的電力能源供應。”

2017年11月末，在一個陽光明媚的下午，中國電建投資建設的“中巴經濟走廊”首個落地能源項目——巴基斯坦卡西姆港燃煤電站首臺機組發電儀式在電站隆重舉行。卡西姆港燃煤電站項目，位于巴基斯坦信德省卡拉奇市東南方約37公里的卡西姆港工業園內，是中國電建與卡塔爾王室AMC公司按照股比51%：49%的比例共同投資建設的混合所有制項目，總投資20.85億美元。

自1983年起進入巴基斯坦市場以來，中國電建就積極參與巴基斯坦水利、電力、基礎設施等多領域的規劃、設計和建設工作，努力將電站打造成為“一帶一路”和“中巴經濟走廊”精品項目和示范工程。2015年4月20日，在中巴兩國領導人的見證下，簽署了項目《實施協議》和《購電協議》。兩臺660MW超臨界機組已在2018年6月全部實現商業運行，年均上網發電量約90億度，能夠滿足巴基斯坦當地400萬戶家庭用電需求，大大緩解巴基斯坦電力短缺現狀，并對巴基斯坦國家調整電力能源結構、降低發電成本、緩解供需矛盾、優化投資環境、促進基礎設施建設和經濟發展、改善民生等方面產生深遠影響。

“一帶一路”倡議提出至今，在不斷加強的國際合作與交流中，中國不僅著眼于經濟建設，更是將生態建設放在了至關重要的位置。基礎設施建設和經貿往來讓“一帶一路”成為經濟繁榮之路，而低碳、環保理念也必將“一帶一路”建設成為造福人類的綠色發展之路。

Having been trained in an international workshopon desertification prevention and control inChina. Nasheed Shayeb，a researcher from theHorticulture Research Institute， Cairo， Egypt， workedout a plan to "copy" China's cropping pattern ofwater-saving terraces to mountainous areas of theSinai Peninsula for water conservation and preventionof soil erosion in local deserts. Presently. the Ministryof Agriculture and Land Reclamation of Egypt isstudying her plan of building terraces in the SinaiPeninsula， gradually tuming her vision into reality

Sarmad Kamil Ali， Deputy Chief AgriculturalEngineer of Iraq's State Board of CombatingDesertification， held the same idea. Iraq has animportant ancient civilization as Egypt. In recentdecades， due to salinization of soil and desertification，the Mesopotamian civilization that used to be splendidhas been buried under sand， where no traces of itsorigin can be found， Therefore，Sarmad Kamil Aliwas eager to leam effective means of preventing andcontrolling desertification so as to turn deserts intooases.

“Desertification" is vividly depicted as the cancerof the earth. The figures from the Global DesertsOutlook， the first thematic assessment report intheGlobal Environment Outlook （GEO） series of theUnited Nations Environment Programme （UNEP），shocked all people. At present， desertification threatensthe livelihoods of over one billion people in morethan 110 countries around the world and 135 millionof them are likely to become destitute and homeless.Global warming has led to the desertification of 41%of the land in arid regions worldwide and such areais gradually expanding. 2.1 billion people currentlylive in arid regions but 10% t0 20% of the land hereis non-cultivable. The most serious desertificationoccurs in Africa. According to the statistics， two thirdsofAfrica is covered by deserts and arid lands with halfof the desertified land in the world located here.

In China， Gansu is a key province for preventingand controlling desertification and has achievedgood results by scientific and technological means.Therefore， to slow down the desertification processon a global scale and spread more beneficial measuresit has taken to combat this issue worldwide， theGansu Desert Control Research Institute （GDCRI）has established several key scientific research bases，including the State Key Laboratory of Desertificationand Aeolian Sand Disaster Combating， the NationalField Observation & Research Station on Ecosystemof Desert Grasslands. and the Intemational TrainingCenter for Desertification Control. The GDCRI hasheld 36 sessions of intemational training on China'stechnologies of desert and desertification control withover l，000 learners from more than 90 developingcountries trained. Its basic research facilities， researchresults and training level are all world-leading.

China's efforts in ecological improvement aremore than desertification prevention and control.The Chinese government will advocate and act outevery major event involving environmental protectionwithout hesitation. On November 6， 2018， the Belt& Road Eco-Agriculture and Food Safety Forum（BREAFSF）， with a theme of "expanding foodimports to enrich people's lives"， was jointly hostedby the State Administration for Market Regulation（SAMR） and the Clrinese People's Association forFriendship with Foreign Countries （CPAFFC） duringthe China International Import Expo. Attendeesdiscussed about how the intemational eco-agriculturefunctions to ensure food safety， and exploredthe change trend of China's food consumptionstructure. On September 12， 2018， the Belt andRoad Intemational Forum on Public Cooperation forEcological Remediation was convened in WuweiCity， Gansu Province to popularize Minqin County'scase of ecological remediation and the ecologicalremediation results achieved under the BRI. Thisevent hoped to pool the public strengths along the BRIroutes to jointly build a green Silk Road.

Besides， the Ministry of Ecology and Environmentof China issued the Belt and Road Ecological andEnvironmental Cooperation Plan in 2017. The planpresented the encouraging progress and impressiveresults China made by actively deepening bilateraland multilateral dialogues， exchanges and cooperationwith countries along the Belt and Road， improvingsupport services related to ecological environmentinformation， and promoting cooperation inenvironmental standards， technologies and industries.In the same year， the Intemational Coalition for GreenDevelopment on the Belt and Road was built byChina and the UNEP to offer experience in ecologicalremediation and desertification control for countriessuffering from desertification; the training prograrnfor foreign aid on environmental management led bythe Ministry of Ecology and Environment was hailedby the UN as a model of South-South cooperation;the China-Africa Environmental Cooperation Centerwas established in Kenya; and the Green Silk RoadEnvoys Program aimed at promoting environmentalexchanges was launched.

Currently， the Colombo International ContainerTerminals （CICT） located in the deep-water free portin southwest Sri Lanka has become the largest greenterminal within South Asia. The CICT is under thejurisdiction of the Port of Colombo， the largest seaportin Sri Lanka. The port is the only place that connectstrade routes between Asia and Europe， serving as animportant transit hub in South Asia.

In 2011， China Merchants Port HoldingsCompany Limited invested in the CICT in Sri Lanka.Relevant data indicates that the CICT's businesshas grown rapidly since its operation in July 2013.The CICT's container handling capacity surgedsurprisingly from 58，000 TEUs in 2013 t0 680，000TEUs in 2014 and further t0 1.3 million TEUs till thefirst half of 2018. That helped the Port of Colombo move to the 23rd in the global ports ranking in 2016from the 34th in 2012.

While economic indicators have risen， ecologicalones must reach the standard. In November 2017， theCICT completed the oil-to-electricity transformationfor 40 gantry cranes and 40 container yards， whichmade CICT the first green temunal in Sri Lanka andthe largest green terminal in South Asia.

According to the estimate， since gantry craneswere powered by AC rather than diesel generatorsets， the CICT has seen a savmg in economic costof USD l.5 million every year and has becomemore environmentally friendly as the project hasreduced the fuel consumption by 220，000 liters andcarbon emission by over l，000 tons every month.Additionally， when the gantry crane lowers containers，gravitational potential energy can be transformedinto renewable electric energy， which can powerother equipment at the CICT. And surplus energy canprovide for the local State Grid freely.

An engineering technician of the oil-to-electricitytransformation project introduced that the CICTemployed low-rack DC safety sliding contact lines forelectrification， with world-leading environmentallyfriendly technologies adopted. In addition， thoselines were renovated and tropicalized. As a result， airpollution， noise as well as operation and maintenancecosts have been reduced while the participation rate ofequipment has been improved.

Seeing fruitful achievements in local economy andecology， Mr. Parakrama Dissanayake， Chairman ofSri Lanka Ports Authority， said joyfully that the CICTGreen Terminal Project has set an example for otherenterprises in Sri Lanka's port and shipping industry.

Mr. Shahid Khaqan Abbasi， former PrimeMinister of Pakistan， also highly appreciated Chineseenterprises for their contributions to environmentalprotection. "Rome was not build in one day.POWERCHINA overcame difficulties to buildthe most environmentally friendly and advancedpower plant in the world ahead of schedule at anunprecedented pace with the lowest cost， which couldgreatly relieve the power shortage in Pakistan as it willsupply sustainable electrical energy for developinglocal economy and improving people's livelihoods，"he said affectionately.

On a sunny afiernoon at the end of November2017， the ceremony for the first unit of Port QasimCoal Fired Power Plant Project to commence powergeneration in Pakistan was held in the plant. Investedprimarily and constructed by POWERCHINA， it isthe first implemented energy project of China-PakistanEconomic Corridor （CPEC）. Port Qasim Coal FiredPower Plant is located in the Bin Qasim IndustrialZone， 37 km southeast of Karachi， Sindh， Pakistan. Theproject， invested jointly by POWERCHINA （51%） andAMC from Qatar（49%）， runs in a mixed ownershipmodel with a total investment of USD 2.085 billion.

Since POWERCHINA entered the Pakistanimarket in 1983， it has been actively engaged inthe planning， design and construction of projectsin various fields in Pakistan， including waterconservancy， electric power and infrastructure， strivingto build the Port Qasim Coal Fired Power Plant intoan excellent demonstration project of the BRI as wellas CPEC. On April 20， 2015， the ImplementationAgreement and Power Purchase Agreement weresigned as witnessed by the leaders of China andPakistan. Tw0 660MW supercritical units bothachieved commercial operation in June 2018 with theannual average on-grid power generation reachingsome 9 billion kWh. They meet the power demandof 4 million households in Pakistan， greatly alleviatethe power shortage here and have far-reachinginfluences on the country in adjusting the electricalenergy mix， reducing the generating cost， relieving thecontradiction between supply and demand， optimizingthe investment environment， promoting infrastructureconstruction and economic development as well asimproving people's livelihoods.

Since the proposal of the BRI till now. China hasnot only been focusing on economic constructionbut also giving priority to ecological constructionduring its increasingly intensified cooperationand communications with the rest of the world.Infrastructure construction and economic and tradecontacts make the Belt and Road a path to economicprosperity while the concept of low carbon andenvironmental protection builds it into a path to greendevelopment which benefits all humans.