帶動就業　共贏的另—種方式

雷怡安

2018西安絲綢之路國際旅游博覽會上，丹麥客人對當地特產羌繡愛不釋手

2018年T2月27日，國務院國資委、中國社科院發布首本《中央企業海外社會責任藍皮書（2018）》。藍皮書清晰地反映出，截至2018年，中央企業在“一帶一路”沿線國家共雇傭當地員工36萬余人。96%的中央企業海外機構已建立平等的中外雇員雇傭制度，76%的中央企業建立了培養與晉升的平等雇傭制度，75%的中央企業還建立了薪酬與福利設置中的平等雇傭制度。

走出國門，走進“一帶一路”沿線國家建立工業園區，幾乎成了中國企業抱團出海的最佳方式，而海外工業園區的建立，也著實為當地企業發展和海外員工就業提供了巨大的幫助。

對于到泰國來投資的中國企業來講，泰國泰中羅勇工業園是他們的不二選擇。從2005年中國企業華立集團聯合泰國企業安美德集團籌建工業園至今，14年的時光讓工業園躋身海外工業園的佼佼者，成為了當地經濟發展的重要一脈。

國家經濟發展不是一個虛擬的經濟模式，他的每一步增長都牽扯著生活在這片土地上每一位國民的生活質量。來自德晉昌工廠的25歲泰國女工阿依努正是國家經濟發展變化的見證人和受益者。

阿依努是一名地地道道的泰國清邁人，在老家的時候一直干農活。一個偶然的機會，她得知泰中羅勇工業園里的德晉昌工廠在招工，早就想跳出“農門”的阿依努勇敢地作出了選擇，來到了離家千里的曼谷開始了新的生活。女工、翻譯員……阿依努在這里做過許多不同的工種，每一次的變化都讓她有一個巨大的進步。如今憑借著自己的努力，年紀輕輕的她已成為了工廠的一名副主管，管理著手下53名員工。說到自身巨大的改變，阿依努特別感恩，她說如果沒有工業園的建立，自己也不會來到這里開啟一段不一樣的人生，“我學到了許多技能，有了一份很不錯的收入。”

像阿努依一樣在工業園工作的泰國員工已有2萬多人。“這是個很了不起的數字。這2萬人又供養了多少人，為泰國創造了多少外匯，收入穩定大大有助于社會穩定。”安美德集團總裁邱威功這樣評價。

截至2018年6月，已有新技術、新能源、新材料、汽配、機械、電子等行業在內的105家中資企業入駐工業園，其中中國500強企業20多家，累計實現工業總產值超100億美元。

目前，泰中羅勇工業園僅完成了一期二期4平方千米的開發，到三期開發完后，預計可容納300家企業，為泰國創造10萬個就業崗位。在華立集團董事局主席汪力成看來，這10萬個崗位會像10萬條紐帶，讓中國企業、中國制造與普通泰國民眾在“一帶一路”上緊密相連。

建設中的中白工業園辦公樓 ? ?（本版圖片/新華社供圖）

2019年一開年，位于白俄羅斯的白俄羅斯—中國工業園（簡稱“中白工業園”）迎來喜訊，白俄羅斯經濟部批準中白工業園獲得經濟特區的地位，這項政令保障了入駐企業在歐亞經濟聯盟海關法的框架內可最大程度享受關稅優勢。

而就在3年前，距離白俄羅斯首都明斯克25公里的工業園還是一片荒蕪，這里遍布森林和沼澤，如無人之境。如何在這里建立起工業園，吸引企業來這里拓荒發展成為了當時的一道難題。參與最早期工業園開發建設的中自工業園開發公司第一副總經理基里爾的顧慮和建議代表了白俄羅斯方的觀點，“我們想到了中國，中國在園區建設和引資方面有著豐富的經驗，如果我們共同開發那肯定是沒有問題的。”

和泰中羅勇工業園不太一樣的是，中自工業園不僅僅面向中國投資者，而是在全球招商的大背景下，把眼光放至全世界。而更不一樣的是，這里不再是傳統工業的生產地，未來將是新興產業的聚集地。

據中白工業園開發公司首席執行官胡政介紹，2018年中白工業園的國際影響力不斷增強。全年共有380多個團組、近2500人次到園區考察，其中來自歐美的考察團組近90個。此外，工業園組織和參加了60多場招商引資推介會，有效擴大了園區的國際知名度和影響力。截至2018年8月-16日，工業園已吸引來自中國、白俄羅斯、俄羅斯、美國、德國、奧地利、立陶宛和以色列等國的37家企業入駐。

雖然不同地區工業園的開啟理念或有不同，但發展帶給普通老百姓的變化卻實實在在可見。安德烈·徹列潘諾夫如今已是中自商貿物流股份有限公司的財務總監，也是公司最早的白方工作人員。回想和工業園的結緣，這一切似乎還發生在昨天。2015年，徹列潘諾夫看到了一則招聘啟事，公司就在中白工業園里，這樣一個新興的工業園讓他萌生了去看一看的想法，而最關鍵的是，他了解到這是中國和白俄羅斯兩國政府共同推動的大項目，“前景一定非常好”，于是在工業園新建之初，徹列潘諾夫就走進了這里。從普通員工到財務總監，徹列潘諾夫崗位晉升了，工資提高了，整個家庭因為他的變化而有了更多美好的改變。而令他感到欣喜的是，作為一名老員工，他親眼見證了工業園的快速發展，他感嘆地說：“這一年來，有來自美國、德國、中國等國的企業入駐，整個園區充滿著效率和激情。”

工作的穩定讓徹列潘諾夫沒有了后顧之憂，如今他最大的愿望就是學習漢語，在他看來身邊的中國同事都特別好，大家在一起互相鼓勵共同進步，因此如果能夠學習到更多漢語，就能和同事們進行更好地交流了。

海外園區不僅成為中國企業“走出去”和轉型升級不可缺少的中堅力量，也為東道國提供了大量的就業崗位。在去年8月舉行的國新辦新聞發布會上，國家發改委副主任、國家統計局局長寧吉喆介紹，截至2018年6月，我國與“一帶一路”沿線國家貨物貿易累計超過5萬億美元，在沿線國家建設的境外經貿合作區總投資289億美元，為當地創造24.4萬個就業崗位和20.1億美元的稅收。

北京師范大學“一帶一路”研究院研究員王超表示：“海外園區作為‘一帶一路’的重點項目，對我國加強國際產能合作提供了有效保護，我們要始終堅持與沿線國家對話協商、共建共享、合作共贏、交流互鑒，在園區建設上狠下功夫，建立合理的工作機制，不斷完善配套設施，加強監督管理，增加就業機會，力爭將各園區打造成為國際化現代綠色園區。同時，要充分尊重當地民族文化，秉持懷柔遠人、和諧萬邦的天下觀，繪好海外園區‘工筆畫’，把對方的事情當做自己的事情來做，把園區建設成為讓當地老百姓受益的民生工程。”

共贏才能帶來更好的合作，海外工業園的建立正是中國在“一帶一路”上的探索，實踐證明，發展經濟、帶動就業是實現雙贏的最佳合作模式，未來，中國將繼續在雙贏之路上走下去，擔當起大國的責任。

2018年7月9日，白俄羅斯副總理加里寧（右三）在中白工業園出席活動 ? ?（新華社供圖）

On December 27，2018，the State-owned AssetsSupervision and Administration Commission ofthe State Council （SASAC） and the Chinese Academyof Social Sciences （CASS） released the first BlueBook on Overseas Corporate Social Responsibilityof Central State-owned Enterprises （2018） （BlueBook for short） which shows that central SOEshave widely participated in building of the Belt andRoad Initiative and actively fulfilled their corporatesocial responsibilities （CSR） overseas. Accordingto this explicit investigation text， up to now， centralSOEs have employed over 360，000 locals in hostcountries along the Belt and Road; among all overseasagencies of central SOEs， 96% have established anemployment system applied equally for both Chineseand foreign employees， 76% have put in place a fairemployment system for training and promotion，and 75% have built a fair employment system forcompensation and benefits.

Building industrial parks in other Belt and Roadcountries almost has become the best way for Chineseenterprises which go global through supporting eachother in expanding overseas operations. Meanwhile，this endeavor has also greatly invigorated localenterprises and offered enormous help to overseasemployees.Thai-Chinese Rayong Industrial Zone：livelihood improvement

For Chinese enterprises choosing to makeinvestments in Thailand，Thai-Chinese RayongIndustrial Zone is the best choice. With fourteen yearsof development since its establishment by China'sHolley Group and Thailand's Amata Corporation in 2005， this industrial zone has emerged as a leadingperformer among China's overseas industrial zonesand also contributed greatly to local economy.

Developing national economy is not about somevirtual economic modes. but about the livelihood ofeveryone living here. 25-year-old Thai female workerAynul from Dejinchang Optoelectronics Technologyhas witnessed and also benefited from the nationaldevelopment.

As a bom-and-bred Chiengmai native， Aynul didfarm work in her hometown until she was told by achance that Dejinchang Optoelectronic s Technology inThai-Chinese Rayong Industrial Zone was recruiting.Long dreaming to leave the village，Aynul decidedwithout any hesitation to start a new life in Bangkok.a city far away from her hometown. At the factory，she has taken many posts ranging from productionworker to translator， making great progress with eachpost change. Thanks to her hard work， young Aynulnow acts as an assistant supervisor managing 53employees. Talking about her drastic change， gratefulAynul who owed the life-changing opportunity tothe establishment of Thai-Chinese Rayong IndustrialZone said， “Thanks to the zone， I have leamed manyskills and have a nice income.”

Aynul is just one of more than 20，000 Thaiworkers of Thai-Chinese Rayong Industrial Zone.“How remarkable the figure it is ！ Imagine how manypeople have these 20，000 Thai workers supportedand how much foreign exchange has been created forThailand！ What's more， stable income is conduciveto social stability，”said Vikrom Kromadit， CEO ofAmata Corporation.

As of June 2018， 105 Chinese enterprises havesettled down in the park， covering a range of industrieslike new technology， new energy，new material，auto parts， mechanical engineering， and electronicengineering. Among them， there are 20-plus amongthe list of the top 500 Chinese enterprises， generatinga total of industrial output value of more than USD 10billion.

Currently， 4k㎡ area of Phase I and Phase IIhas been developed in the zone. Once Phase III iscompleted， it is expected that the zone will be capableof acconmmodating 300 enterprises and providing100 thousand jobs for Thai people. In the eyes ofWang Licheng， chairman of the Board of ZhejiangHolley Group， these 100，000 jobs will link Chineseenterprises， Chinese manufacturing， and ordinary Thaipeople together through the “Belt and Road”.China-Belarus Industrial Park： jobs ensurebetter livelihood

At the beginning of 2019， good news came to theBelarus-based China-Belarus Industrial Park （GreatStone） that the Ministry of Economy of Belarusapproved the status of Great Stone as a special economiczone. The approval means that enterprises here canenjoy most preferential tariff within the framework ofthe customs law of Eurasian Economic Union.

Just three years ago， the park site， 25km awayfrom Belarus's capital Minsk， was still very desolate，stretch upon stretch of forest and marsh makingthis place extremely depopulated. Therefore， howto build an industrial park here and then how toattract enterprises for development has remainedquite a challenge. Kiril， first deputy general managerof China-Belarus Industrial Park DevelopmentCompany， and also one of the first participants in theconstruction of Great Stone， expressed his concernsand suggestions on behalf of Belarus， "The reasonwhy we chose China then is that China has a proventrack record in park construction and investmentpromotion， so there is no problem if we two countriescooperate in the effort."

Unlike Thai-Chinese Rayong Industrial Zone，Great Stone is built for attracting investors not onlyfrom China but also from all over the world. Stillmore importantly， it will be developed into a centerfor emerging industries，rather than a production basefor traditional industries.

According to Hu Zheng， CEO of Clrina-BelarusIndustrial Park Development Company， the year 2018 has witnessed the ever-enhanced internationalinfluence of Great Stone. Throughout the year， thepark received 380-plus delegations comprising nearly2500 visits， including nearly 90 delegations fromEurope and the US. Besides， the park organized andparticipated in 60-plus investment promotion fairs，giving a strong boost to its global exposure andinfluence. As ofAugust 16， 2018， 37 enterprises fromChina， Belarus， Russia， the US， Germany， Austria，Lithuania， Israel， and other countries have establishedoperations here.

Though the founding visions of industrial parksof different regions might vary， tangible benefits theyhave delivered to ordinary people are clearly seen.Andrey Cherepanov， also one of the earliest staffmembers in Belarus of China-Belarus Commerce &Logistics Corporation， is finance director now. Lookingback on why he chose to work at the industrial park，he felt as if it just happened yesterday. In 2015，Cherepanov noticed a recruitment advertising of GreatStone， and then he was seized by an itch to try hisluck at this new industrial park Most importantly， hewas told that it was a large project co-initiated by thegovemments of China and Belarus. Attracted by the"promising future"， he started working here just afterthe park was completed from then ordinary employeeto today's fmance director. In addition to the raisedsalary， his whole family has also benefited greatlyfrom his promotion. As a long-time employee whohas witnessed the fast-evolving development of GreatStone， he said with emotion， "Since the beginning ofthis year， a host of enterprises from the US， Germany，and of course， China has settled down here， injectingmore momentum into Great Stone to become anefficient and passionate industrial park. "

With the secure job， Cherepanov no longerworries about his livelihood， and now his biggest wishis learning Chinese language. In his eyes， his Chinesecolleagues all are very nice， and they encourage eachother and make progress together. So if he can speakChinese well，he will be capable of communicatingwith his Chinese colleagues in a better way.Following through the best cooperation model

Overseas industrial parks have emerged asthe pillar for Chinese enterprises to go global andachieve transformation and upgrade and also createda large Inumber ofjobs for host countries. At the pressconference in last August， Ning Jizhe， vice minister ofthe National Development and Reform Commissionand commissioner of the National Bureau of Statistics.noted that as of June 2018， the volume of goods tradebetween China and other Belt and Road countrieshad exceeded USD 5 trillion， and a total of USD 28.9billion investment had been made in economic andtrade cooperation zones in these countries， whichcreated 244，000 local jobs and USD 2.01 billion ofrevenue.

Wang Chao， a research fellow with The Belt andRoad Research Institute of Beijing Normal Universitysaid， "As a key part of the Belt and Road Initiative.overseas industrial parks have provided effectiveguarantee for China to intensify global productioncapacity cooperation. With achieving shared growththrough mutual discussion， collaboration andlearning among the Belt and Road countries as ourguiding principle， and with park construction asour point of effort. we should establish a rationalworking mechanism， keep improving supportingfacilities. strengthen supervision and management，and offer more job opportunities， in a bid to buildeach industrial park into a modern， international，green one. Meanwhile， we should also respect localcultures and bring harmony to local people， help hostcountries with greatest sincerity and effort and workto improve the livelihood of local people by buildingthe industrial parks well."

Always embracing that only win-win bringsbetter cooperation， China pursues the Belt and RoadInitiative in a way of building overseas industrialparks. And practices have also proven that， developingeconomy to boost employment is the best win-wincooperation model. Going forward， China will play itspart as a responsible major country in advancing win-win cooperation.