非洲的“中國時刻”

王義桅

A “Chinese moment”in Africa

回顧歷史，非洲經(jīng)歷了長期探索，但絕大部分國家都還沒有找到一條符合自身國情的發(fā)展道路。目前，非洲國家紛紛向“東”看，從發(fā)展靠援助到學(xué)習(xí)中國自主發(fā)展經(jīng)驗，搞招商引資、改革開放。非洲的“中國時刻”正在到來：

非洲正成為與中國開展基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和國際產(chǎn)能合作的示范。在埃塞俄比亞首都亞的斯亞貝巴，街邊到處是中國建筑集團(tuán)有限公司的標(biāo)語和吊車，非盟總部就是這家中企的杰作，如今總部附近，一家安徽企業(yè)的標(biāo)語十分醒目。市內(nèi)，輕軌、高架橋：市外，高速公路、收費(fèi)站、路燈，充滿了中國氣息，更不用說非洲第一條電氣化鐵路——亞吉鐵路了。中非合作因而成為“一帶一路”倡導(dǎo)的洲際合作的示范。把中國資金、技術(shù)、市場、企業(yè)、人才和成功發(fā)展經(jīng)驗等相對發(fā)展優(yōu)勢，同非洲豐富的自然資源、巨大的人口紅利和市場潛力緊密結(jié)合起來，必將創(chuàng)造出新的發(fā)展奇跡。中國現(xiàn)代化經(jīng)驗最為鮮活，與非洲合作政治基礎(chǔ)最好，中國夢正激勵和塑造非洲奇跡、非洲夢。 “一帶一路”是世界的希望工程，非洲是希望的大陸，與“一帶一路”進(jìn)行目標(biāo)、任務(wù)、經(jīng)驗、智慧對接最為積極。埃塞俄比亞、坦桑尼亞、肯尼亞、剛果（布）成為中非產(chǎn)能合作先行先試的示范國家。在中非約翰內(nèi)斯堡峰會上宣布的中非十大合作計劃中，高速公路網(wǎng)、高速鐵路網(wǎng)、區(qū)域航空網(wǎng)、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施工業(yè)化的“三網(wǎng)一化”，正在推進(jìn)非洲的橫向互聯(lián)互通和區(qū)域合作，改變非洲被全球化的命運(yùn)，打造非洲版全球化。

非洲是中外模式互學(xué)互鑒的重要試點。2010年，埃塞著手制訂并實施首個5年“增長與轉(zhuǎn)型計劃”，著力加強(qiáng)水電站、鐵路等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，加快制造業(yè)發(fā)展，目標(biāo)是到2025年成為中等收入國家。2015年，首個5年“增長與轉(zhuǎn)型計劃”圓滿收官。2016年起實施第二個5年“增長與轉(zhuǎn)型計劃”，這是學(xué)習(xí)中國“五年規(guī)劃”的典范。人類從埃塞俄比亞走出非洲，埃塞學(xué)是繼埃及學(xué)之后僅有的以非洲國家命名的學(xué)問，與中國學(xué)遙相呼應(yīng)。中國的“四個自信”激勵埃塞俄比亞樹立“四個自信”，并向非洲其他國家示范。比如，梅塞萊斯生產(chǎn)力學(xué)院，效仿中央黨校或國家行政學(xué)院;為吸引中國投資，埃塞俄比亞還設(shè)“工業(yè)園區(qū)法”。在非盟總部，來自非洲各國的官員、記者和智庫領(lǐng)袖邊讀習(xí)近平主席著作邊思考，這些思考對照中國共產(chǎn)黨的成功經(jīng)驗;而中國學(xué)者也從中借鑒非洲經(jīng)驗完善自身發(fā)展模式，中非發(fā)展模式互學(xué)互鑒蔚然成風(fēng)。結(jié)合自身新發(fā)展理念，中方創(chuàng)造性提出共同發(fā)展、集約發(fā)展、綠色發(fā)展、安全發(fā)展、開放發(fā)展五大合作理念，成為中非合作發(fā)展的新共識。

非洲既是希望的大陸，也是充滿挑戰(zhàn)的大陸。中非相互需要，已經(jīng)成為命運(yùn)共同體。

Rviewing the history ofAfrica we can see most of its countries still failed tofind a development path that suits their own national conditions in spite oflong-run exploration. At present， African countries begin turning their eyes onto theEast. They are shifting from relying on external assistance to taking the initiative tolearn from China's experience of independent development. To do so， they start topromote investment and opening up.Africa is experiencing a "Chinese moment".

Africa is now becoming a demonstrator of cooperation with China oninfrastructure construction and international production capacity. In AddisAbaba， capital of Ethiopia， the streets are buzzed with slogans and cranes ofChina State Construction Engineering Corporation（CSCEC）， and the AfricanUnion （AU） headquarters is a masterpiece built by this Chinese company.Today， the slogan of an Anhui-based company is very eye-catching near theheadquarters. Chinese elements can be seen everywhere， from the light rail andoverpasses in the city to the highways， toll stations and street lamps outsidethe city， let alone the Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway， Africa's first electrifiedrailway. China-Africa cooperation is thus becoming a demonstrator ofinter-continental cooperation advocated by the Belt and Road Initiative. It will definitelycreate a new miracle of development when China's comparative developmentadvantages， including capital， technology market， business， talent and successfuldevelopment experience， are combined closely with the rich natural resources，huge demographic dividend and market potential of Africa. China's modernizationprocess is a living experience. China and Africa enjoy the best political foundationfor cooperation. The Chinese dream is encouraging and shaping an African miracleand African dream. The Belt and Road Initiative brings hope of developmentacross the globe. Africa， a vast land of hope， shows its highest enthusiasm to getsynchronized with the goal， task， experience and wisdom of the Belt and RoadInitiative. Ethiopia， Tanzania， Kenya， and the Republic of Congo have becomethe first group of pilot countries for production capacity cooperation betweenChina and Africa. Among the ten China-Africa cooperation plans announced atthe Johannesburg Summit of Forum on China-Africa Cooperation， the initiativeof "three networks and one industrialization" （highway network， high-speedrailway network， regional aviation network and infrastructure industrialization） ispromoting horizontal interconnection and regional cooperation in Africa， shiftingthe continent's position from a follower to an active player in globalization.

Africa is a key pilot for China and foreign countries to learn from each other.In 2010， Ethiopia worked out and implemented its first five-year Growth andTransformation Plan （GTP）. It placed emphasis on construction of infrastructureincluding hydropower stations and railways， and ondevelopment of manufacturing， with the objectiveof building itself into a middle-income economy by2025. In 2015， the first five-year plan was completedwith a great success， so the government startedthe second five-year plan in 2016. Walking out ofAfrica from Ethiopia， human beings has developedknowledge term of Ethiopiology which is one of theonly two studies named after an African country （theother is Egyptology）， echoing Sinology. China's "fourmatters of confidence" （confidence in its socialist path，theory system and culture） is encouraging Ethiopiato work out its own version and demonstrate it toother African countries. For example， Federal MelesZenawi Leadership Academy follows the model of theParty School of the Central Committee of C.P.C. orthe China National School of Administration. In orderto attract Chinese investment， Ethiopia has adoptedthe Industrial Park Proclamation No.886/2015. Atthe AU headquarters， officials， journalists and thinktank leaders from African countries read and reflectedon the works of Chinese President Xi Jinping. Bycomparing their reflections with the successfulexperience of the CPC， Chinese scholars also thinkChina can improve its own mode of development byreferring to African experience. In this way， China andAfrica have spontaneously started learning from eachother on mode of development. Taking its own newdevelopment concept into consideration， China hascreatively proposed five major cooperation concepts，i.e.， common development， intensive development，green development， safe development and opendevelopment. These concepts have become a newconsensus on the development of China-Africacooperation.

Africa is a continent of both hope and challenges.China and Africa， interdependent on each other， hasconstituted a community of shared future.