西港特區(qū)：打造中柬務實合作樣板工程

李卉嬪

西港特區(qū)有限公司董事長陳堅剛：推動西港特區(qū)的高質量發(fā)展就是要打造特區(qū)2.0版本，提升園區(qū)的競爭力、配套服務能力、國際化程度，最終建成一個300家企業(yè)入駐，近10萬產業(yè)工人就業(yè)的配套功能齊全的生態(tài)化樣板園區(qū)，再造一個“中國深圳特區(qū)”。

Chen Jiangang， Chairman of the Company in SSEZ： To promote the highquality development of SSEZ is to create version 2.0 of the zone. It is necessary to enhance the park’s competitiveness， the supporting service capacity and the degree of internationalization， and emulate “Shenzhen special zone in China” to build the park into an ecologically-friendly sample park with complete supporting facilities for 300 enterprises and nearly workers.

在柬埔寨，首相洪森有一個特別的“兒子”，他曾在多個場合對其表示肯定和贊賞，這個“兒子”也深得中國領導人寵愛，習近平主席稱贊其為“中柬務實合作的樣板”，它就是西哈努克港經濟特區(qū)（簡稱“西港特區(qū)”）。西港特區(qū)是柬埔寨政府批準的最大經濟特區(qū)，也是首個簽訂雙邊政府協(xié)定、建立雙邊協(xié)調機制的合作區(qū)，是“一帶一路”上的標志性項目。其距離柬埔寨西哈努克港12公里、西哈努克國際機場3公里，直飛江蘇無錫僅需4小時。

走進西港特區(qū)，寬闊的馬路、統(tǒng)一的建筑和綠化良好的道路，一切都顯得規(guī)劃有序、生氣勃勃。在園區(qū)內工作的當?shù)厝艘捕家轮麧崳穸稊\。誰也不曾想到，這里曾是一片貧瘠荒涼的土地，對于這里的原住民和特區(qū)建設者們來說，過去的場景還偶爾浮現(xiàn)腦海，與眼前的繁華喧鬧形成了鮮明的對比。

最初，這里是一片荒蕪之地。無路、無水、無電、無網，地勢最大落差70米……

回憶往事，西港特區(qū)公司董事長陳堅剛記憶猶新，“連條像樣的馬路都沒有，一到晚上漆黑一片，想去哪里都不行”。

2008年2月，柬埔寨西哈努克港經濟特區(qū)奠基，首相洪森率90多名部長級高官參加了奠基儀式。

2013年，經過西港特區(qū)建設者們的“拓荒”，這塊荒地有了一點起色：完成了部分基礎建設，廠房、道路陸續(xù)投用。當時，特區(qū)入駐企業(yè)只有50多家，就業(yè)人數(shù)不到9000人。“2013年習近平主席提出‘一帶一路’倡議后，我們深受鼓舞，西港特區(qū)的發(fā)展也進入快車道，入區(qū)企業(yè)的數(shù)量開始明顯增加。”陳堅剛說。

如今，園區(qū)內廠房、高樓林立，一部分商業(yè)、居住、教育、醫(yī)療等配套設施也陸續(xù)投用，西港特區(qū)已經成長為一位“翩翩美公子”，這個具有國際化資本吸引力、發(fā)展?jié)摿薮蟮目鐕I(yè)園區(qū)，成為了中柬國家領導人、中外媒體眼中的“紅人”。

十年前的西港特區(qū)建設者們沒想到，在這片雜草叢生、溝壑縱橫的荒地上，屹立起如今的有161家企業(yè)入駐、容納29000個崗位、對西哈努克省經濟貢獻超過50%的跨國合作園區(qū)。十年前西港特區(qū)所在地的默德朗鄉(xiāng)村民沒想到，那時全家一年收入才300美元，被貧困籠罩的生活，如今已發(fā)生翻天覆地的變化。2018年，西哈努克省人均年收入已達3358美元，在柬埔寨全國名列前茅。用當?shù)毓賳T的話說：西港特區(qū)就是當?shù)亟洕l(fā)展的“引擎”和人民的“金飯碗”。

經過十多年運營的西港特區(qū)開啟了下一段華麗轉身的旅程。公司提出要以“與股東、員工、政府、客戶、供方、合作伙伴、環(huán)境、社會（社區(qū)）八方共贏”的理念推進高質量發(fā)展。

3月11日，在西港特區(qū)工業(yè)二期建設現(xiàn)場，人頭攢動、鼓號齊鳴、熱鬧非凡，這是一家來自浙江醫(yī)療器械公司的開工奠基儀式現(xiàn)場。與以往引入的服裝、家具、木材加工企業(yè)不同，這家生產醫(yī)療器械的高科技公司成為不斷完善園區(qū)產業(yè)布局的重要力量，是西港特區(qū)競爭力提升的體現(xiàn)。陳堅剛表示，“我們要的是產業(yè)集聚，而非企業(yè)扎堆?！敝挥兄鸩酵晟频漠a業(yè)鏈才能提升園區(qū)對投資者的吸引力和在眾多園區(qū)中的競爭力。

目前，整體規(guī)劃面積11.13平方公里的西港特區(qū)，只開發(fā)了5.28平方公里。在工業(yè)園一期的后方，各種重型機械正在一大片剛剛平整好的土地上緊張作業(yè)。那是工業(yè)園區(qū)二期，將通過引入五金機械、建材家居、精細化工等產業(yè)，搭建產能合作平臺。

西港特區(qū)的產業(yè)發(fā)展道路也符合柬埔寨工業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃：優(yōu)先發(fā)展高附加值、創(chuàng)新的和具有競爭力的新興工業(yè)和制造業(yè)，促進經濟特區(qū)全產業(yè)鏈發(fā)展。

西港特區(qū)公司還早早意識到，實現(xiàn)西港特區(qū)高質量發(fā)展目標，需要一手抓招商，一手辦教育。只有辦好教育，才能不斷提升創(chuàng)新能力和產業(yè)升級的源動力。

在特區(qū)工作了3年多的柬埔寨女工努莉娜原本不會中文，只能從事手工勞動，月薪也一直在200美元上下徘徊。后來，在特區(qū)培訓中心的幫助下，她通過免費的中文輔導班學會了一口流利的中文。如今，努莉娜已經成了廠里的管理人員，月薪達到了500美元。“真的要感謝特區(qū)培訓中心，沒有培訓中心就沒有我的今天。”努莉娜滿懷感恩。

西港特區(qū)培訓中心由西港特區(qū)公司和無錫商業(yè)職業(yè)技術學院（無錫商院）合作成立，開設漢語、英語、管理、貿易、會計、計算機、物流等專業(yè)，2012年以來已組織了14期培訓，累計培訓學員4萬人次。

2018年，柬勞工與職業(yè)培訓部、西港特區(qū)公司和無錫商院兩家共同運營的西哈努克省中柬友誼理工學院開始招生；同年年底，這兩家申辦的西哈努克港工商學院正式獲批。兩所學院前者注重職業(yè)培訓，后者注重學歷教育。兩所學院的設立，除滿足本地優(yōu)秀人才持續(xù)增長的需求外，也將為特區(qū)未來發(fā)展提供強有力支撐。

柬埔寨政府對此高度肯定，柬勞工與職業(yè)培訓部國務秘書畢索坡恩說，在柬諸多工業(yè)園區(qū)中，只有西港特區(qū)設有培訓中心，人才支持與特區(qū)發(fā)展相結合的發(fā)展模式值得其他園區(qū)學習。

3月22日，西哈努克省天朗氣清、微風和煦，西港特區(qū)公司員工迎來喬遷之喜，特區(qū)人翹首以盼的“鳳凰花園”公寓二號樓正式投入使用。

新家室內裝修精致、家具用品齊全；室外回字形樓中間庭院特意留出了觀賞區(qū)，環(huán)形水塘周邊種滿了熱帶觀賞植物。一到晚上，整個觀賞區(qū)流光溢彩，夢幻十足，是大家散步、休閑的好去處。除了配套公寓，這里已成為柬埔寨當?shù)厣a、生活配套設施完善的工業(yè)園區(qū)。園區(qū)內建有一個大型污水處理廠和178棟廠房，并配套建設了綜合服務中心大樓和員工公寓、鄰里中心、社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務中心等設施。

為營造“引得進、留得住、發(fā)展好”的運營環(huán)境，西港特區(qū)公司還引入了柬埔寨發(fā)展理事會、海關、商檢、商業(yè)部、勞工局、西哈努克省政府代表入區(qū)辦公，為企業(yè)提供“一站式”服務；建立了勞動力市場，定期在區(qū)內舉辦人力資源勞工招聘會；聯(lián)合無錫商院共同開展培訓工作，為區(qū)內員工提供語言及技能培訓；成立法律服務中心，提供專業(yè)法律咨詢服務。

剛入駐園區(qū)不久的浙江健拓醫(yī)療儀器科技有限公司總經理任云華欣喜地說，選擇西港特區(qū)最重要的原因之一，就是這里為區(qū)內企業(yè)提供了“抱團發(fā)展”的平臺，并為企業(yè)提供“一條龍”服務。

5月31日，西港特區(qū)又一配套基礎設施——熱電項目建設啟動。這是柬埔寨國內首個熱電聯(lián)產項目，投運后將進一步保障供熱、供電的可靠性和穩(wěn)定性，解決企業(yè)用能的后顧之憂，極大提升特區(qū)的產業(yè)承接能力。此外，公司還加強同第三國專業(yè)的金融、法律服務平臺合作，提供全新金融服務平臺，形成國際化服務體系，吸引更多第三國企業(yè)入駐特區(qū)。

愛爾蘭馬裝廠是于2010年入駐西港特區(qū)的第一家第三國企業(yè)（非柬埔寨、中國投資設立）。經過5年的高速發(fā)展，該廠向西港特區(qū)公司租賃1.3萬余平方米的工業(yè)用地，自建廠房以擴大生產規(guī)模。公司負責人透露，從2013年開始，西港特區(qū)的建設突飛猛進，面貌日新月異，工廠成倍增加、人氣越來越旺盛，呈現(xiàn)一片欣欣向榮的景象，西港特區(qū)的發(fā)展環(huán)境使他看到了工廠的發(fā)展前景，堅定了他對未來發(fā)展的信心。

繼愛爾蘭馬裝廠之后，韓國箱包公司LK，馬來西亞內衣廠whitex，美國工藝品公司Caffco等第三國企業(yè)紛紛選擇來此安家落戶。如今，園區(qū)入駐的第三國企業(yè)已經達到了14家，包括來自美國、愛爾蘭、韓國等發(fā)達國家的企業(yè)，有的第三國企業(yè)已經在制造業(yè)的全球產業(yè)鏈上深耕數(shù)十年。

沒有梧桐樹，哪來金鳳凰？清晰的藍圖規(guī)劃，務實的行動舉措，正在成就更加耀眼的西港特區(qū)、我們已經看到實現(xiàn)了轉型升級、高度國際化的西港特區(qū)正在向世界走來。

Samdech Hun Sen， Cambodian Prime Minister， has recognized and praised his special “son” in various occasions. The “son”， also favored by President Xi Jinping as “an example of China-Cambodia practical cooperation”， actually refers to the SSEZ. It not only serves as the largest special economic zone approved by the Cambodian government and the first cooperation zone with bilateral government agreements and bilateral coordination mechanism， but also a landmark project along the Belt and Road. It is 12 kilometers from Sihanoukville， 3 kilometers from Sihanoukville International Airport， and 4-hour flight from Wuxi， Jiangsu Province.

Entering SSEZ， the wide streets， unified planned buildings and roads with green belts make everything appear orderly and lively. The locals working in the park are neatly dressed and energetic. No one would have imagined that this place was once a barren and desolate land. The past images of this place still come to the mind of the local people and the builders of the special zone occasionally， in sharp contrast to the bustle and hustle of the present.

Originally， it was a wasteland where roads， water， electricity or network are underdeveloped with maximum elevation difference of 70 meters.

Recalling the past， Chen Jiangang， Chairman of the Company in SSEZ， described， “There was no road available， and you can’t go anywhere at night when it’s dark.”

In February 2008， the cornerstone laying ceremony for SSEZ was solemnly held. More than 90 ministerial officials led by Samdech Hun Sen were present at the ceremony.

In 2013， thanks to the pioneers of SSEZ， the wasteland was getting a little better： part of the infrastructure construction has been completed， and the roads and factories have been put into use. At that time， there were only 50 or so enterprises in the zone， with no more than 9，000 employees. “After President Xi Jinping proposed the Belt and Road Initiative in 2013， we were greatly encouraged. The SSEZ gained rapid development， and the number of enterprises settled in the zone began to increase significantly，” said Chen Jiangang.

Nowadays， factories and high buildings stand in great numbers in the park， and some commercial， residential， education， medical buildings and other supporting facilities are also put into use one after the other. SSEZ has witnessed tremendous growth and grown into a multinational industrial park with international capital attraction. With huge potential， SSEZ has become a favorite of Chinese and Cambodian leaders and media.

Ten years ago， no SSEZ erectors would expect that this weedy wasteland full of ravines and gullies would turn into a multinational industrial park with 161 companies contributing more than 50% to the economy of Preah Sihanouk Province. Ten years ago， at the Betrang village where SSEZ was located， the annual household income was only USD 300 and villagers had all suffered from poverty for long. However， their life has changed beyond recognition. In 2018， the per capita annual income in Preah Sihanouk Province reached USD 3，358. As a local official once said， SSEZ was the “engine” of local economic growth and the“golden rice bowl” of local people.

SSEZ has embarked on the next journey after ten years of operation and proposed to promote high-quality development with the concept of “win-win results for all sides， including shareholders， employees， governments， customers， suppliers， partners， environment， and society （community）”.

On March 11， at the construction site of the second phase of SSEZ， a lively groundbreaking ceremony for of a medical equipment company in Zhejiang Province was held， bustling with noise and excitement. Different from companies related to clothing， furniture and wood processing that are introduced in the past， this high-tech company producing medical equipment has become an important force to continuously improve the industrial layout of the park， and reflected the growth in competitiveness of SSEZ. Chen Jiangang said， “We want industrial agglomeration， not a bunch of enterprises located at one place.” Only a gradually improved industrial chain can enhance the park’s attraction to investors and competitiveness in similar parks.

At present， the planned area of the park is 11.13 square kilometers and the completed area covers only 5.28 square kilometers. Behind the first phase of the park， various pieces of heavy machinery are working on a large piece of newly-leveled land. That is the second phase of the park， which will become a capacity cooperation platform through the introduction of hardware machinery， building materials， fine chemical engineering and other industries.

The industrial development path of SSEZ is also in line with Cambodia’s industrial development plan， giving priority to the development of high value-added， innovative and competitive emerging industries and manufacturing industries to promote the entire industrial chain of SSEZ.

SSEZ also realized at an early time that to achieve the goal of high-quality development of SSEZ requires more investment and better education at the same time. Only by providing a good education， can they continuously improve the driving force of innovation and industrial upgrading.

Nulina， a female Cambodian who has worked at SSEZ for more than three years， used to only do manual work with a monthly salary around USD 200 because she could not speak Chinese. After learning at the SSEZ Training Center for free， she can now speak fluent Chinese. Today， Nulina has been promoted to a manager in the factory with a monthly salary of USD 500. “I am really thankful to the SSEZ Training Center. Without its help， I could not achieve all of this，” Nulina said with appreciation.

SSEZ Training Center is jointly established by SSEZ and Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce（WXIC）. It has covered majors of Chinese， English， management， trade， accounting， computer， logistics and so on. Since 2012， there have been 14 training sessions giving in total 40，000 trainings for students.

In 2018， the Preah Sihanouk Cambodia-China Friendship Polytechnic Institute， jointly operated by the Cambodian Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training， SSEZ and WXIC， began recruiting students. At the end of that year， SSEZ and WXIC received a formal approval to run the Sihanoukville Business School. The former of the aforementioned institutes focuses on vocational training， while the latter focuses on academic education. The establishment of them will not only meet the growing demands for local talent， but also provide strong support for the future development of SSEZ.

The Cambodian government highly affirms this effort. Pich Sophoan， Secretary of State at the Ministry of Labor， said that among many an industrial park in Cambodia， only SSEZ had a training center. Other parks should learn from the development model of SSEZ， which combines talent support and development of the special zone.

On March 22， it was clear， bright and breezy in Preah Sihanouk Province. The staff of SSEZ moved to a better place because the second building of“Phoenix Garden” apartments at SSEZ was put into service.

The interior decoration is exquisite， and furniture and household appliances are complete. The middle of this square-shaped building is a courtyard with a viewing area where tropical ornamental plants are planted near a circular pond. In the evening， the whole viewing area is full of colorful lights， a good place for people to walk and relax. In addition to apartments， this industrial park is equipped with complete production and living facilities. A large sewage treatment plant and 178 factory buildings are built in the park， along with a comprehensive service center， staff apartments， a neighborhood center， a community health service center and other facilities.

In order to create an operating environment of “introduction， retention， and development”， SSEZ also introduces Cambodia’s Council for the Development， Customs， Commodity Inspection， Ministry of Commerce， Ministry of Labor and Vocational Training， and representatives of Preah Sihanouk Provincial Government to the administrative building， so as to provide “one-stop”services for enterprises. SSEZ establishes a labor market and regularly holds job fairs for HR labor. It carries out training activities jointly with WXIC to provide language and skills training for employees in the park； a legal service center is also sets up to offer professional legal consulting services.

Ren Yunhua， general manager of Zhejiang Jiantuo Medical Equipment Company that is new to the park， said with delight that one of the most important reasons for choosing SSEZ was that it provides a platform for enterprises to develop together and provides enterprises with one-stop services.

On May 31， another supporting infrastructure of SSEZ was launched， namely the thermoelectric project. This is the first cogeneration project in Cambodia. After being put into service， it will further ensure the reliability and stability of heat and power supply， relieve worries about corporate energy usage， and greatly enhance the capacity of SSEZ. Furthermore， SSEZ has also strengthened its cooperation with financial and legal service platforms of any third countries， providing a brand new financial service platform and forming an international service system to attract more international enterprises.

The Irish Horsewear Factory was the first company from a third country （not Cambodia or China） to enter SSEZ in 2010. After five years of rapid development， the factory has leased more than 13，000 square meters of industrial land from SSEZ to build its own factories and expand production scale. According to the person in charge of the company， since 2013， the construction of SSEZ has been advancing by leaps and bounds. Factories multiply and enjoy an increasing popularity and prosperity. This development trend allows him to see the prospect of the factory and strengthens his confidence in the future.

Following the Irish Horsewear Factory， other companies from third countries have chosen to settle down here， such as LK Luggage Co，.Ltd from Republic of Korea， Whitex Garment （Cambodia） Co.，Ltd from Malaysia and Caffco International （Cambodia） Ltd. from the United States. Today， there are 14 companies from third countries like the United States， Ireland， ROK and other developed countries. Some companies from third countries have been developing in the global industrial chain of manufacturing for decades.

As an old Chinese saying goes， if you want to have phoenix， you have to plant sycamore trees first. That is to say， capable people will wisely choose their careers. As the clear blueprint and pragmatic actions leads SSEZ to a brighter future， the world can expect a highly international SSEZ after its transformation and upgrading.