海外中醫制度文化之探索馬來西亞中醫藥發展大藍圖2018—2027

蔡高茂 張其成

摘要 在馬來西亞，中醫被納入傳統與輔助醫學的范疇。馬來西亞衛生部于2018年3月13日推出馬來西亞傳統與輔助醫藥發展藍圖2018—2027（醫療篇），本文簡稱馬來西亞中醫藥發展大藍圖。本文借此契機，以宏觀的角度系統地介紹與回顧藍圖中涉及中醫藥的部分，包括藍圖的宗旨，內容和主要成果，并分享現今中醫藥界所面臨的各種挑戰以及該藍圖所提出的中期和長期戰略回應。該藍圖達成了3項主要成果，1）勾勒出中醫藥在馬來西亞發展的宏觀格局。兩大特殊國情催生了馬來西亞各傳統醫學以多元為本的4大特點。2）探明中醫藥在微觀層次的現況。該藍圖從臨床、教育、科研和藥物監管4大微觀方向探索中醫藥界所面臨的以發展方向不明確和資源投入不足所引起的各項挑戰和其成因后果。3）明確提出未來10年的發展大方向。所提出的六大方針充分反映了該藍圖依據中醫自身的發展規律，創造性地提出了加強各政策的合適性，優化資源投入和邁向專業化的三大中心理念。整體上該藍圖在制定，落實和監督上都秉承了群策群力，集體磋商，凝聚共識的馬來西亞核心精神。

關鍵詞 馬來西亞;傳統與輔助醫藥發展藍圖;中醫發展規律;宏觀格局;微觀現況;中心理念;特殊國情;主要成果

Abstract In Malaysia，Chinese medicine is under the domain of traditional and complementary medicine（T&CM）.Ministry of Health in Malaysia officially launched Traditional and Complementary Medicine Blueprint 2018—2027（Healthcare）on 13th March 2018，referred to as the blueprint of Chinese medicine in this paper.It is an opportunity for this paper to systematically introduce and review parts of the blueprint dealing with Chinese medicine from a macro perspective，including the purpose，content and main achievements of the blueprint，and share challenges confronted by the industry of Chinese medicine nowadays and medium-term and long-term strategic responses mentioned in the blueprint.There are 3 major achievements in this blueprint.Firstly，it outlines macroscopic framework of Chinese medicine development in Malaysia.In Malaysian traditional medicine，there are 2 special national conditions leading to 4 unique features that take diversity as the root.Secondly，from 4 major microscopic directions：clinical practice，education，scientific research and medicinal supervision and regulation，the blueprint illustrates microscopic status of Chinese medicine.It explores the challenges confronted by the industry of Chinese medicine and induced by unclear developmental direction and insufficient resource investment，as well as their causes and consequences.Thirdly，the blueprint clearly specifies the developmental direction in the coming 10 years.The mentioned 6 major policies fully reflect that the blueprint is based on the developmental rules of Chinese medicine.They creatively put forward 3 core concepts of strengthening appropriateness of various policies，optimizing resource investment and moving towards professionalism.The formulation，implementation and supervision of the blueprint are basically in accordance with Malaysian core values of teamwork，collective consultation and building consensus.

Key Words Malaysia; Traditional and Complementary Medicine Blueprint; Developmental rules of Chinese medicine; Macroscopic framework; Microscopic status; Core concepts; Special national conditions; Major achievements

中圖分類號：R199 文獻標識碼：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2019.10.059

在馬來西亞，中醫被納入傳統與輔助醫學的范疇。馬來西亞的法令明確規定所有西醫和牙醫以外的醫學統稱為傳統與輔助醫學。……