胡嘉元 邱瑞瑾 趙晨

摘要 病機是中醫理論的核心概念之一,辨識病機在中醫臨床診療中至關重要。通過梳理古今醫家對病機理論的論述和發揮,總結了中醫病機的內涵要素:病因、病性、病位、病癥、病情、病理因素和病勢。提出以病機為主導集成中醫臨床個體化信息、探索建立中醫臨床個體化評價方法的思路。
關鍵詞 病機;中醫;臨床研究;個體化診療;個體化評價;知識構架;方法學;臨床實踐
Abstract Pathogenesis is one of the core concepts of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)theory,and it is significant to identify the pathogenesis in TCM clinical diagnosis and treatment.Through summarizing the discourse and development about pathogenesis proposed by ancient and modern doctors,connotative elements of TCM pathogenesis,including etiology,nature of disease,location of disease,symptoms of disease,conditions of disease,pathological factors and trend of disease are summarized.The idea of integrating clinical individualized information in TCM based on pathogenesis,and exploring to establish an evaluation method for TCM clinical individualization is put forward.
Key Words Pathogenesis ; Traditional Chinese medicine; Clinical study; Individualized diagnosis and treatment; Individualized evaluation; Knowledge framework; Methodology; Clinical practice
中圖分類號:R228 文獻標識碼:A doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2019.10.005
病機,是中醫學最樸素的理論之一,是中醫認識疾病、診斷疾病并形成治則治法的原創思維,不同于現代醫學“發病機制”的概念,病機是中醫對疾病全面、整體的把握,對從接診患者到給出成熟治療方案思辨過程的高度概括,它涵蓋了病因、病位、證候、臟腑氣血及虛實變化等綜合的中醫元素[1],被認為是疾病發生、發展、變化的樞機[2]。
隨著“精準醫療”“個體化醫療”等醫學理念的興起,中醫臨床個體化診療與評價越來越受到學界的重視,許多學者從理論創新、新方法引入等不同層面探索中醫個體化診療[3],但目前仍缺乏相對成熟的中醫個體化診療評價體系,亦未能確定規范而全面的中醫臨床個體化信息采集形式。
本文梳理了古今醫家對中醫病機理論的論述和探討,總結了闡明中醫病機所應涵蓋的內涵要素,并提出以中醫病機概括和反映臨床患者的個體化信息,思考建立以病機為主導的中醫臨床個體化評價方法。
1 古今醫家對病機的認識和論述……p>