王寧 許先升 吳育強
摘要:紅樹林作為熱帶的獨特景觀,在修復多樣性、防治災害等方面有重要作用,受自然及人類影響已遭到嚴重破壞,必須立即探索保護與利用的有效方法。文章以海南省海口市演豐鎮西河紅樹林生態修復規劃為例,基于紅樹林的生態與景觀美學價值,以海南濱河紅樹林的保護與利用為目標,從生態修復與景觀規劃方面探討其策略。在生態修復方面提出采取水環境營建、人工引種,分區保育等保護策略,在景觀規劃中提出合理布局空間結構、注重生態、科普與觀賞的融糅,豐富的觀光體系設計等策略,從而為紅樹林提供良好生態環境,助力生態發展,更好地協調海南濱河紅樹林有效保護與合理利用之間的關系。
關鍵詞:景觀規劃;生態修復;保護與利用;海南濱河紅樹林;演豐鎮
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-1483.2019.10.013?中圖分類號:TU986
文章編號:1009-1483(2019)10-0090-08?文獻標識碼:A
A Research on the Strategies of Ecological Rehabilitation and Landscape Planing of HaiNan’s Riverside Mangrove: A Case on Ecological Rehabilitation Planing of Yanfengxi River’s Mangrove in Yanfeng Town, Haikou City
WANG Ning, XU Xiansheng, WU Yuqiang
[Abstract] As an unique tropical landscape, mangroves play an important role in restoring diversity and preventing disasters, and has been seriously damaged by the influence of nature and human beings, and effective methods of protection and utilization must be explored immediately. The paper takes ecological rehabilitation planning of Yanfeng Xihe mangrove as an example, relying on its ecological value and aesthetic value of landscape, rely on the targets of protection and utilizationsto, discuss the strategies of the rehabilitation and landscape planning. In the aspect of ecological restoration, the protection strategies such as water environment construction, artificial introduction, and district conservation are proposed. Strategies such as reasonable spatial structure, ecological, science and appreciation, and rich tourism system design are proposed in landscape planning, it will provide a good ecological environment for mangroves, promote ecological development, and better coordinate the relationship between effective protection and rational utilization of riverside mangrove in Hainan.
[Keywords] landscape panning; ecological rehabilitation; protection and utilization; mangrove in Hainan; Yanfeng Town
引言
紅樹林作為一般生長于沿海河口港灣海陸交錯帶灘涂淺灘的木本胎生植物[1],是熱帶及亞熱帶河岸、海岸等地帶生長的特有水生木本森林植被群落的統稱[2],在物質生產、抗風消浪、促淤護堤、凈化污染、景觀營造、保護生物多樣性等方面有重要作用。由于其生長習性特殊,遭受周期性的河流與海水浸淹使其形成了獨特的潮間帶式生長環境。
然而,隨著人口急劇增加和城鎮化進程加快,濱海、濱河工程建設,工業、農業與城鎮居民的生產生活廢棄污水總量激增,加之圍墾、過度捕撈和采挖等對生態環境造成了損害[3-4],紅樹林生境作為全球生態環境變化最為劇烈、生態系統最為敏感、最易遭受干擾的地帶[5],也遭到嚴重破壞,出現了諸如面積急劇下降,生物多樣性及生態系統完整性呈退化趨勢等問題。……