鄉村振興背景下少數民族村莊文化保護與傳承策略研究

榮玥芳 高溪

摘要：隨著鄉村振興戰略的提出，村莊受到越來越多的關注。村莊文化振興是鄉村振興的重要支撐，少數民族村莊有著豐富的文化資源，本文基于鄉村振興戰略背景，分析了當前少數民族村莊在發展中面臨的文化保護方法弱、文化延續性困難等問題，提出了在村莊民族文化的保護與傳承中，應以村民為主體，處理好文化傳承與村莊發展的良性互動關系。文章以北京滿族村巴園子村為例，分析其面臨的發展問題，對村莊文化資源進行挖潛，從經濟產業、空間環境、設施配置等途徑，探討保護與傳承少數民族村莊特色文化的相應對策，以期為同類村莊的文化振興提供思路。

關鍵詞：鄉村振興；村莊規劃；文化保護與傳承；少數民族村莊；巴園子村

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1009-1483.2019.10.011？中圖分類號：TU982.29

文章編號：1009-1483（2019）10-0076-07？文獻標識碼：A

Study on Cultural Protection and Inheritance Strategies of Minority Villages under the Background of Rural Revitalization： Taking the Beijing Bayuanzi Village Planning as an Example

RONG Yuefang， GAO Xi

[Abstract] With the introduction of the rural revitalization strategy， the village has received more and more attention. The revitalization of village culture is an important support for rural revitalization. Ethnic minority villages have rich cultural resources. Based on the rural revitalization strategy background， this paper analyzes the problems of weak cultural protection methods and cultural continuity difficulties faced by ethnic minority villages in the development. In the protection and inheritance of the village national culture， the villagers should be the main body to deal with the benign interaction between cultural inheritance and village development. Taking the Bayuanzi Village of Manchu Village in Beijing as an example， this paper analyzes the development problems it faces， taps the potential of village cultural resources， and explores the corresponding countermeasures for protecting and inheriting the characteristic culture of minority villages from the aspects of economic industry， space environment and facilities allocation which is in order to provide reference for the cultural revitalization of similar villages.

[Keywords] rural revitalization； village planning； cultural protection and inheritance； minority village； Bayuanzi Village

引言

我國向來重視鄉村發展，習近平總書記在黨的十九大報告中提出了“鄉村振興戰略”，將我國鄉村的發展提升到了更高的層面。2018年，《鄉村振興戰略規劃（2018—2022年）》出臺，提出了要保護和發展好少數民族特色村莊，合理利用村莊特色資源，保持村莊的完整性、真實性和延續性。我國是多民族國家，少數民族村莊眾多，這些村莊形成了特有的民族文化資源，而在當今經濟快速發展的同時，少數民族村莊的特色資源卻未得到足夠的重視，村莊的民族文化延續性不斷減弱，村莊失去固有特色。村莊在缺乏平衡的發展機制下，面臨著文化保護與經濟建設首鼠兩端的困境[1]。……